Midterm Review for APUSH: Unit 3 to Unit 6

studied byStudied by 21 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 671

672 Terms

1
Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War)
The last of several wars between Britain and France.

Main cause of the war was a disagreement between Great Britain and France over territory.
New cards
2
George Washington
First president of the US, also a young colonel who fought in the French and Indian wars.
New cards
3
Edward Braddock
British commander during the French and Indian War; attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755; was defeated by the French and the Indians.
New cards
4
Albany Plan of Union (1754)
Developed by Benjamin Franklin that provided for an inter colonial government and a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes from the colonies for their defense. Never took effect because each colony wanted their own taxation power.
New cards
5
Peace of Paris (1763)
ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there.
New cards
6
Effect of French and Indian wars
Gave GB supremacy among Europeans in NA, challenged the autonomy of many American Indians, British became dominant naval power in the world, colonies no longer faced danger from other countries.
New cards
7
Salutary neglect
Was neglected as GB began to take more control of their colonies for economic reasons.
New cards
8
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Led a major attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier.The Natives were angered by the growing westward movement of European settlers and by the British refusal to offer the gifts like the French did. They attacked the forts from NY to Virginia.
New cards
9
Proclamation of 1763
To stabilize the western frontier, the British issued this that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachians. Hoped it would prevent future hostilities between colonists and Native Americans. Colonists were angered and wanted to reap the benefits from the war they won.
New cards
10
Patrick Henry
Didn’t like the stamp act, was a Virginian lawyer. a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799), "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death"
New cards
11
Stamp Act Congress
Representatives from colonies resolved that only their own elected representatives had authority to approve taxes.
New cards
12
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
Secret Society organized to intimidate tax agents. Wanted taxes to end.
New cards
13
John Dickinson; letters from…
Parliament could regulate colonial commerce, but if they wanted to tax the colonists, it had to have the approval of assemblies that included colonial representatives.
New cards
14
James Otis
a young lawyer in Boston, argued that colonists should not be taxed by Parliament because they could not vote for members of Parliament.
New cards
15
Samuel Adams
One of the Founding Fathers of America, a leader of the American Revolution who spread resent against the British to the colonies
New cards
16
Massachusetts Circular Letter
Urged the colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts.
New cards
17
Committees of Corrispondence
Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies
New cards
18
Intolerable Acts
in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses
New cards
19
Parliament
A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation, Britain's law-making assembly.
New cards
20
George III
King of Great Britain and later Ireland who lost the American Revolution, losing his North American territories.
New cards
21
Whigs
were a group of British political critics who believed that citizens must be vigilant and suspicious of government’s corruption, aggression and attempts to take away their civil rights
New cards
22
Lord Frederick North
Prime Minister of Britain from 1770-1782 who led Britain through most of the Revolutionary War.
New cards
23
Sugar Act (1764)
An act that raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. It also increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.
New cards
24
Quartering Act (1765)
Act forcing colonists to house and supply British forces in the colonies; created more resentment; seen as assault on liberties.
New cards
25
Stamp Act (1765)
This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items.
New cards
26
Declaratory Act (1766)
Stamp Act was repealed and people rejoiced. This asserted that Parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases.
New cards
27
Townshend Acts (1767)
A tax that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea
New cards
28
Writ of assistance
court document allowing customs officers to enter any location to search for smuggled goods
New cards
29
Tea Act (1773)
Made the price of Britain’s tea cheaper than the smuggled Dutch tea.
New cards
30
Coercive Acts (1774)
Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act. Directed at punishing the people of Boston and Massachusetts and bringing them under control.
New cards
31
Quebec Act (1774)
Organized the Canadian lands gained from France. It established Roman Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec. Set up a government without a representative assembly and extended Quebec’s boundary to Ohio River.
New cards
32
Enlightenment
encouraged people to value logic and reason more than just taking things at face value or accepting them by faith
New cards
33
Deism
18th century religious doctrine that emphasized reasoned moral behavior and the scientific pursuit of knowledge. Most deists rejected biblical inerrancy and the divinity of Christ, but they did believe that a Supreme Being created the universe.
New cards
34
Rationalism
The belief that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.
New cards
35
Social contract
The belief that people are free and equal by natural right, and that this in turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed; espoused by John Locke and influential in the writing of the declaration of independence.
New cards
36
John Locke
English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.
New cards
37
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
a French philosopher who expanded on the social contract theory, emphasizing the importance of the common good. He argued that people are naturally free and equal and the role of the government is to serve the common good and protect the will of the people / their natural rights.
New cards
38
Thomas Paine
a passionate and persuasive writer who published the bestseller, Common Sense in 1776. Had the radical idea that the colonies should set up America as an independent, democratic, republic away from England.
New cards
39
first continental congress
Convention of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies that convened in Philadelphia to craft a response to the Intolerable Acts. Delegates established Association, which called for a complete boycott of British goods.
New cards
40
John Jay
American statesman, Patriot, and Founding Father of the United States. Signer of the Treaty of Paris and was the first Chief Justice of the United States.
New cards
41
Joseph Galloway
Pennsylvania delegate who wanted to keep the Thirteen Colonies in the British Empire. He suggested the creation of an American colonial parliament to act together with the Parliament of Great Britain
New cards
42
Suffolk Reserves
a declaration made on September 9, 1774, by the leaders of Suffolk County, Massachusetts. The declaration rejected the Massachusetts Government Act and resulted in a boycott of imported goods from Britain unless the Intolerable Acts were repealed.
New cards
43
Second Continental Congress
functioned as a de facto national government at the outset of the Revolutionary War by raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and writing petitions such as the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms and the Olive Branch Petition.
New cards
44
Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms
a Resolution adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 6, 1775, which explains why the Thirteen Colonies had taken up arms in what had become the American Revolutionary War.
New cards
45
Olive Branch Petition
was a final attempt to avoid war between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies. The petition asserted colonial rights, while still maintaining their loyalty to the British crown.
New cards
46
Thomas Jefferson
3rd President of the United States. He favored limited central government. He was chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; approved of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and promoted ideals of republicanism.
New cards
47
Declaration of Independence
Formal pronouncement of independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson and approved by Congress. The declaration allowed Americans to appeal for foreign aid and served as an inspiration for later revolutionary movements worldwide.
New cards
48
Concord
initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British.
New cards
49
Paul Revere
Silversmith and patriot who alerted the colonists that the British were coming before Lexington and Concord by taking a midnight horse ride to spread the word and to prepare colonists.
New cards
50
William Dawes
A leader of the Sons of Liberty who rode with Paul Revere to Lexington to warn them that the British where coming. Minutemen. Member of a militia during the American Revolution who could be ready to fight in sixty seconds.
New cards
51
Bunker Hill
was the first major battle of the Revolutionary War. It happened on June 17, 1775. After the Americans built a small fort on Breed's Hill, the British attacked. The British suffered heavy casualties but won the violent battle.
New cards
52
Battle of Saratoga
Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York, which helped secure French support for the Revolutionary cause.
New cards
53
Yorktown
the last major land battle in the Revolutionary War. It signified the end of the war because the American and French forces surrounded Yorktown and captured Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis and his 8,000 troops.
New cards
54
Prohibitory Act (1775)
George III's dismissal of the Olive Branch Petition which declared the colonies to be in rebellion; later forbade all trade and shipping between the two areas.
New cards
55
Treaty of Paris (1783)
ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on one side and the United States of America and its allies on the other.
New cards
56
Continentals
Currency authorized by Congress to finance the Revolution and depreciated to near worthlessness.
New cards
57
Valley Forge
The site of the military camp of the colonial army during the winter of 1777-1778. Significance: Starvation and disease killed 2,500 Americans during the winter. George Washington.
New cards
58
Deborah Sampson
Woman who disguised herself as a man in order to serve in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
New cards
59
Republican Motherhood
a concept derived from the notion that women should serve as educators of young men in order to teach them to become productive American citizens and embrace the Enlightenment ideas that fueled the concept of Republicanism following the end of the American Revolution.
New cards
60
Abigail Adams
wife of second president John Adams. She attempted to get rights for the "Ladies" from her husband who at the time was on the committee for designing the Declaration of Independence.
New cards
61
Daughters of Liberty
An organization formed by women prior to the American Revolution They got together to protest treatment of the colonies by their British Rulers. They also had a large influence during the war, although not as large an influence as the sons of liberty.
New cards
62
Land Ordinance of 1785
A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers and raise money. Part of the Articles of Confederation.
New cards
63
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
established a government for the Northwest Territory, outlined the process for admitting a new state to the Union, and guaranteed that newly created states would be equal to the original thirteen states.
New cards
64
Articles of Confederation
provided the colonies, and then the states, with a formal governmental structure which bridged the gap between the monarchical rule of Great Britain and the federal system established under the United States Constitution.
New cards
65
Shays's Rebellion
a series of uprisings that occurred in western Massachusetts from 1786 to 1787. Financial strain from government debt and economic decline occurred throughout the young United States at this time, leading citizens to rebel against the government
New cards
66
James Madison
US Statesman and political theorist. He was the 4th President of the US from 1809-1817. He is credited with the name "Father of the Constitution" for being the primary author of the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Wrote the Federalist Papers in 1788.
New cards
67
Alexander Hamilton
Was a Founding Father, chief of staff to General Washington, promoter of the Constitution, founder of the nation's financial system, and the founder of the first American political party.
New cards
68
Gouverneur Morris
an American statesman, a Founding Father of the United States, and a native of New York City who represented Pennsylvania in the Constitutional Convention of 1787. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation.
New cards
69
Federalists
believed in a strong central government, a strong army, industry, and loose interpretation of the Constitution.
New cards
70
Anti-federalists
An individual who opposed the ratification of the new Constitution in 1787. The Anti-Federalists were opposed to a strong central government.
New cards
71
The Federalist Papers
a collection of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison explaining how the new government/constitution would work. Their purpose was to convince the New York state legislature to ratify the constitution, which it did. Federalists.
New cards
72
Constitutional Convention
The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution. Framers of Constitution.
New cards
73
Mount Vernon Conference
Meeting hosted by George Washington at his home to discuss the problems facing the new nation after the Revolution. Representatives of four states attended in 1785 and agreed to reconvene the following year so all states could be represented.
New cards
74
Annapolis Convention
meeting held at Annapolis, Maryland, in 1786 to discuss interstate commerce; only five states sent delegates, but Alexander Hamilton used the forum to issue a call for the states to meet the next spring to revise the Articles of Confederation.
New cards
75
Federalism
a way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same area and people
New cards
76
Separation of powers
A system that separated the powers of government into three separate branches to limit arbitrary excesses by the government. It led to the system of checks and balances so that the government would not become centered on one branch.
New cards
77
Checks and balances
"is the principle of government under which separate branches are employed to prevent actions by the other branches and are induced to share power." The framers of the constitution for the U.S. saw the policy of checks and balances necessary for the government to run smoothly.
New cards
78
Virginia Plan
called for a legislature divided into two bodies (the Senate and the House of Representatives) with proportional representation. That is, each state's representation in Congress would be based on its population
New cards
79
New Jersey Plan
wanted one vote for each state, regardless of population. After much debate, the Great (Connecticut) Compromise was negotiated and established a bicameral Congress
New cards
80
Connecticut Plan (Great Compromise)
was an agreement between large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States
New cards
81
Senate
The upper house of the United States government. For equal representation of each state in the government, 2 senators are chosen to represent each state and each senator serves in terms of 6 years. Significance: created a balance and counterpart to the equal representation of states in the senate.
New cards
82
House of Representatives
one of the two parts of congress, considered the "lower house." representatives are elected directly by the people, with the number of representatives for each state determined by the state's population
New cards
83
Three-Fifths compromise
was reached among state delegates during the 1787 Constitutional Convention. It determined that three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation.
New cards
84
Commercial compromise
The Southern states wanted a tax on imports, but not exports, as they exported a lot of farm goods. The compromise gave the federal government the power to tax imports but not exports. This tax on imports is referred to as a tariff. Sometimes the term customs-duties is used instead.
New cards
85
Electoral college system
A group selected by the states to elect the president and the vice-president, in which each state's number of electors is equal to the number of its senators and representatives in Congress
New cards
86
Bill of Rights
Popular term for the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The amendments secure key rights for individuals and reserve to the states all powers not explicitly delegated or prohibited by the Constitution.
New cards
87
National Bank
The National bank was another document issued by Alexander Hamilton. In this document, Hamilton asked Congress to charter the bank of the United States. He wanted this to be jointly owned by private stockholders and the national government.
New cards
88
Executive departments
State, Treasury, and War, and the Attorney General. The State Department conducted foreign policy. The War Department supervised national defense. The Secretary of the Treasury managed the nation's finances.
New cards
89
Henry Knox
Was the first secretary of war; came to power in 1789; was the first to be entrusted with the infant army and navy.
New cards
90
Edmund Randolph
seventh governor of Virginia, second secretary of state, and the first United States attorney general. He served as a delegate of Virginia at the Constitutional Convention where he introduced the Virginia Plan as an outline for government.
New cards
91
Judiciary Act (1789)
Act that established a federal district court in each state and three circuit courts to hear appeals from the districts, with the Supreme Court having the final say. Also specified that cases arising in state courts that involved federal laws could be appealed to the Supreme Court.
New cards
92
National debs
all of the money borrowed by the government and not yet repaid, plus the accrued interest on that money
New cards
93
Federalist era
Supported an orderly, efficient central government that could protect their economic status; these well-organized leaders often wielded significant political control. Members included George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Alexander Hamilton. An early political party.
New cards
94
Federalist Party
Political party in the United States of mostly Wealthy North-easterners that favored a strong centralized federal government, commerce-based economy, loose construction of constitution, national bank, GB sympathy.
New cards
95
Democratic-Republican Party
led by Thomas Jefferson and who advocated a weaker national government in order to give citizens more power and freedom to exercise rights, as well as minimize government interference in the economy.
New cards
96
Washington's Farewell Address
A document by George Washington in 1796, when he retired from office. It wasn't given orally, but printed in newspapers. It did not concern foreign affairs; most of it was devoted to domestic problems.
New cards
97
Alien and Sedition Acts
As a group, these laws made it more difficult for aliens to become citizens, allowed the president greater latitude in deporting or imprisoning non-citizens, and constricted free speech by making it illegal to utter or print false statements about the government.
New cards
98
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.
New cards
99
Battle of Fallen Timbers
An attack made by American General "Mad Anthony Wayne" against invading Indians from the northwest. The defeat of the Indians ended the alliance made with the British and Indians.
New cards
100
Treaty of Greenville
treaty to negotiate peace between the U.S. government and Indian tribes in the Old Northwest Territory and to obtain land cessions.
New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
830 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
235 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
956 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
20 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
827 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1238 people
709 days ago
5.0(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
779 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 27696 people
158 days ago
4.9(63)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (134)
studied byStudied by 5 people
696 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (24)
studied byStudied by 2 people
121 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (132)
studied byStudied by 12 people
846 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (45)
studied byStudied by 18 people
392 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (57)
studied byStudied by 7 people
60 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (44)
studied byStudied by 1 person
773 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 2 people
717 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 276 people
406 days ago
5.0(5)
robot