Lecture Notes on Amphetamines, Cocaine, and Opiates

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to the pharmacology of amphetamines, cocaine, and opiates as discussed in Professor Nick's lectures.

Amphetamine

The parent compound of a family of synthetic psychostimulants, which has two forms: Benezdrine and Dexedrine.

Ephedrine

A compound derived from the herb Ephedra vulgaris, used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 5000 years.

Khat

A plant native to East Africa and the Arabian peninsula containing cathinone, which is a natural stimulant.

Methamphetamine

A more potent form of amphetamine that is highly addictive and can be smoked, injected, or taken orally.

Nucleus Accumbens

A brain area associated with addiction where dopamine release contributes to the reinforcing effects of drugs.

Limbic System

The brain region involved in emotion and reward, affecting addiction.

Methylphenidate

A medication commonly used to treat ADHD, similar to amphetamines in function.

MDMA

A drug that enhances the release of serotonin, used therapeutically to promote openness in therapy.

Cocaine

An alkaloid from the leaves of Erythroxylon coca, known for its stimulating and addictive properties.

Crack Cocaine

A form of cocaine that is smokable, created by mixing cocaine hydrocholoride with baking soda.

Dopamine System

The neurochemical pathway responsible for movement and associated with symptoms of psychosis when disrupted.

Opiates

The best available painkillers derived from the opium poppy, which can cause relaxation but also lead to coma and death at high doses.

Tolerance

A condition where higher doses of a drug are needed to achieve the same effect due to repeated use.

Cannabinoids

Compounds found in cannabis that interact with cannabinoid receptors to inhibit the release of neurotransmitters.

Anandamide

An endogenous cannabinoid that plays a role in pain, appetite, and memory.

Hallucinogens

Substances like LSD and ketamine that induce altered states of perception and do not cause withdrawal effects.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers in the brain, including dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT), involved in various mental health conditions.

Serotonin Syndrome

A condition resulting from excessive serotonin activity, often caused by medications that increase serotonin levels.