apush unit 3

Louisiana Purchase Treaty

Jefferson bought this for 15 million dollars (great deal). This was tricky for jefferson because this was a loose view of the constitution.

Lewis & Clark

Two explorers who searched the louisiana territory.

Robert R. Livingston

(1746-1813) American lawyer, politician, and diplomat from New York. Known

Zebulon Pike

An American explorer/officer who led the Pike Expedition (which began in July 15, 1806) to explore the southern parts of the Louisiana Purchase. Pike Peaks in Colorado is named after him, and he fought in the battle in 1812 as an American brigadier.

“Empire of Liberty”

The Empire of Liberty is a theme developed first by Thomas Jefferson to identify the responsibility of the United States to spread freedom across the world. Jefferson saw the mission of the U.S. in terms of setting an example, expansion into western North America, and by intervention abroad.

Tecumseh

Chief who formed a group of tribes to fight and try to stop westward expansion

judicial review

Given to the SC in marbury v madison by the SC.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

SC gave itself the power to review laws.

John Marshall

Chief justice of the supreme court. Federalist who was presideing over marbury v madison.

Samuel Chase

SC justice who was impeached (but not removed) because he was being too partisan.

“Revolution of 1800”

Very very close election in which the D-Rs take over.

“midnight judges”

Judges appointed by Adams last minute in an attemp to pack the courts.

Tripolitan War

Pirates on the shores who kept capturing ships. We couldnt really fight them becayse jefferson shrunk the navy.

mosquito fleet

A group or fleet of PT boats or other small, armed boats.

economic coercion

The idea that one country can manipulate another’s economy through their own trade with that country

impressment

Britain is still seizing ships and impressing them into the military.

Chesapeake incident

British ship, Lepard, fired on Chesapeake; three were killed and 4 were impressed. People wanted war. Jefferson stayed diplomatic.

Embargo Act of 1807

Jefferson believed that countries were more linked by economics than war she he decided to halt all trade with France and Britian so as not to upset the other. Forbade all trade with Britain and France but said that trade would reopen with whichever country dropped its laws first. This proved ineffective and hurt the US economy.

war hawks

A group led by Henry Clay which wanted war with Britaim.

Non-Intercourse Act

Following repeal of embargo act, America would now trade with all nations except Britain and France

Macon’s Bill No. 2

Proposed to reopen trade with Britain and France and gave an incentive their stopping of attacking ships: America would stop trade with whichever nations foe.

War of 1812

Very controversial but happened due to the continuation of seizing ships, the war hawks in congress, and frontier conflicts. Merchants opposed because they were getting money from the war in europe, Protestants opposed bc they would rather side with protestant britain than catholic france, Federalists opposed bc D-Rs were overreaching power which was hypocritical

Oliver Hazard Perry

Captain who won one of the most important battles, 1813 on Lake Erie.

Francis Scott Key

singer of “the star spangled banner” which immortalized the vent when the Britsih tried to take Fort McHenry.

Hartford Convention

A bunch of new england states threatened to secede from union due to annoyance at the war and D-Rs in congress.

Andrew Jackson

Commanded US troops in the South. Fought the Battle of Horseshoe Bend to end the british ally of the Creek nation.

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

ended the power of british ally of the Creek nation. Led by andrew jackson

Battle of New Orleans

fought in jan of 1815 after the treaty to end the war had been signed but news had not yet arrived

Treaty of Ghent

ended the war and returend every land agreemet and boundary to how it was before the war.

Old Ironsides

The nickname for the US warship Constitution raised morale for the war by defeating a british ship off the coast of nova scotia.

sentimentalism

Sentimentalism was a way of thinking that originated in Europe as part of the Romantic movement. This philosophy celebrated the importance of a "feeling". Sentimentalism encouraged young Americans to marry more for love and less for what their parents wished.

republican motherhood

The idea that the primary political role of American women was to instill a sense of patriotic duty and republican virtue in their sons and husbands and mold them into exemplary citizens.

demographic transition

The sharp decline in birthrate in the United States beginning in the 1790s that was caused by changes in cultural behavior, including the use of birth control. The migration of thousands of young men to the trans

Tariff of 1816

First protective tariff in American history, created primarily to shield New England manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812

The American System

The American system was a national economic plan put forth by Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky and the Whig party throughout the first half of the 19thcentury. Improve roads, High import tariffs, National bank

Henry Clay

Leader of the National Republicans – who supported Federalist-like policies. Clay pushed legislation through Congress creating the Second Bank of the United States and persuaded President Madison to sign it.

Second Bank of U.S.

Clay pushed legislation through Congress creating the Second Bank of the United States and persuaded President Madison to sign it.

Panic of 1819

Severe financial crisis brought on primarily by the effort of the Bank of the United States to curb over

Cumberland Road

or the National Road, or in many places known as Route 40, was built between 1811 and 1834 to reach the western settlements. It was the first federally funded road in U.S. history. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson believed that a trans

Rush-Bagot Treaty

Ignoring Republican antagonism toward Great Britain, in 1817, Adams, serving as secretary of state under Monroe, negotiated the Rush-Bagot Treaty, which limited American and British naval forces on the Great Lakes.

Adams-Onis Treaty

An 1819 treaty in which John Quincy Adams persuaded Spain to cede the Florida territory to the United States. In return, the American government accepted Spain’s claim to Texas and agreed to a compromise on the western boundary for the state of Louisiana.

Monroe Doctrine

The 1823 declaration by President James Monroe that the Western Hemisphere was closed to any further colonization or interference by European powers. In exchange, Monroe pledged that the United States would not become involved in European struggles.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

A series of political agreements devised by Speaker of the House Henry Clay. Maine entered the Union as a free state and Missouri followed as a slave state, preserving a balance in the Senate between North and South. Farther west, it set the northern boundary of slavery at the southern boundary of Missouri. Creates 36

Tallmadge Amendment

When Missouri applied for admission to the Union in 1819, Congressman James Tallmadge of New York declared that he would support statehood for Missouri only if its constitution banned the entry of new slaves and provided for the emancipation of existing bonds

John Marshall

Federalist Supreme Court Chief Justice appointed by Adams in 1801.Dominated SC until 1822. Influenced until death in 1835.

Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

Established Property Rights. Protects property rights through broad reading of Constitution’s contract clause. Marshall did so by ruling that the legislative grant was a contract that could not be revoked. His decision was controversial and far

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Established Supremacy of National Law. Interprets Constitution to give broad powers to national government. A Supreme Court case that denied the right of states to tax the Second Bank of the United States, thereby asserting the dominance of national over state statutes.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Established Supremacy of National Law. Gives national government jurisdiction over interstate commerce. The decision struck down a New York law granting a monopoly to Aaron Ogden for steamboat passenger service across the Hudson River to New Jersey.

Samuel Slater

Used factory systems in Britian to influence American ones.

Lowell Factory System

To get workers despite the allure of cheap land in the west, this system recruited young farm women to work in factories and housed them in dormitories.

Cyrus McCormick

Inventor of the mechanical reaper which helped farming to be more efficient.

Eli Whitney

Developed the cotton gin in 1793. Also started using interchangeable parts to make gun

industrial revolution

The revolution in which factory based economics surged with new developments in machines.

limited liability

Legal principle that facilitates capital investment by offering protection for individual investors, who, in cases of legal claims or bankruptcy, cannot be help responsible for more than the value of their individual shares.

General Incorporation Law

Allows corporations to be formed without a charter from the legislature. It also refers to a law enabling a certain type of corporation, such as a railroad, to exercise eminent domain and other special rights without a charter from the legislature.

factory system

Invented by Samuel Slater, a method of manufacturing first adopted in England at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1750s. It included the idea of the assembly line and that all parts needed for a product would be made all in one place.

interchangeable parts

Made gun making more efficient by using parts that were standardized.

sewing machine

was invented by Elias Howe and perfected in 1846 by Isaac Singer. It became the foundation of the ready

Nativism

The nosier American "nativists" who ralled for political action and in 1849 formed the Order of the Star Spangled Banner

Know Nothing Party

Nativist political party, also known as the American party, which emerged in response to an influx of immigrants, particularly Irish Catholics.

cult of domesticity

Pervasive 19th century cultural creed that venerated the domestic role of women. It gave married women greater authority to shape home life but limited opportunities outside the domestic sphere.

“Molly Maguires”

Secret organization of Irish miners that campaigned, at times violently, against poor working conditions in the Pennsylvania mines.

Commonwealth v. Hunt

In 1842 it decided that unions could negotiate labor contracts.

unions

groups of workers that typically band together to defend their rights

labor theory of value

The labor theory of value (LTV) states that the value of economic goods derives from the amount of labor necessary to produce them.

factory girls

These were a new addition to the work force, hard-working, severely restricted industrial workers; paid less than the opposite sex, and often very young.

clipper ships

American boats, built during the 1840's in Boston, that were sleek and fast but inefficient in carrying a lot of cargo or passengers.

railroads

First built in 1820s. By 1830s they were competing with canals for ways to transport goods.

National Road

or the Cumberland Road, or in many places known as Route 40, was built between 1811 and 1834 to reach the western settlements. It was the first federally funded road in U.S. history. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson believed that a trans

Lancaster Turnpike

Was probably the best road in the U.S. Built in the 1790's by a private company, the road linked Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Because the road was set on a ed of gravel, water drained off quickly. For a smooth ride, the road was topped with flat stones.

DeWitt Clinton

Early American politician and naturalist who served as a US Senator and was the sixth governor of New York. He was largely responsible for the construction of the Erie Canal.

Robert Fulton

Developed the steamboat Clermont in 1807 which began the era of steamboats

Samuel F. B. Morse

American painter who turned into an inventor who contributed to the invention of a single

Pony Express

Short-lived, speedy mail service between Missouri and California that relied on lightweight riders galloping between closely placed outposts.

rugged individualism

the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook who promote the exercise of one's goals and desires and so independence and self

ecological imperialism

the aggressive use of the Western natural boundary when hunters and traders almost made the beaver extinct

Andrew Jackson

One of strongest 4 candidates selected by D-Rs for elec of 1824.

John C. Calhoun

Jacksons VP. Hated Tariff of 1828 bc it disparaged south.

Henry Clay

One of strongest 4 candidates selected by D-Rs for elec of 1824.

Black Hawk War

Series of clashes in Illinois and Wisconsin between American forces and Indian chief Back Hawk of the Sauk and Fox tribes, who unsuccessfully tried to reclaim territory lost under the 1830 Indian Removal Act.

nullification

Calhoun argued that states were allowed to nullify federal laws if they thought they were wrong. Weve seen this before with Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions written by Madison to nullify Alien and Sedition Acts.

John Quincy Adams

One of strongest 4 candidates selected by D-Rs for elec of 1824.

Daniel Webster

Leading American statesman during the nation's Antebellum Period; his increasing nationalistic views led to him becoming one of the most influential leaders of the Whig Party of the Second Party System; led opposition against Andrew Jackson and the Democrats.

Nicholas Biddle

American financer who served as president of the Second Bank of the United States

common man

The "average" American citizen, whose concerns are represented in government.

rotation in office

Jackson's system of periodically replacing officeholders to allow ordinary citizens to play a more prominent role in government.

spoils system

Andrew Jackson placed his supporters into office, whether or not they had the qualifications for that office. This is named after the phrase “to the victor, belongs the spoils.” It gave him more advantage as more people within the government would be his supporters.

wildcat banks

Banks that did whatever they wanted due to lack of regulation w/ no national bank

“Revolution of 1828”

The election of 1828 is often called this. There was an increased turnout of voters at this election. The large turnout proved that the common people now had the vote and the will to use it for their ends.

Tariff of Abominations

The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. It was labeled this by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy.

South Carolina Exposition

a pamphlet published in 1828, secretly written by John C. Calhoun, that denounced the recent tariff as unjust and unconstitutional.

National Republicans

Faction of Dem-Repubs More Federalist views. Bigger federal power and loose constitutional view.

Twelfth Amendment

Separated vote for Prez and VP

“King Mob”

A nickname given to Andrew Jackson by conservatives as an insult after he allowed commons into the white house on the night of his inauguration; they created a mob, wrecking china and furniture and causing Jackson to have to sneak out for his safety.

“corrupt bargain”

Jackson was upset by Adams as he had most popular votes but not the most electoral votes. Clay used his influence to get Adams elected by congress, who then chose him as secretary of state.

Tariff of 1832

a protectionist tariff in the United States. It was passed as a reduced tariff to remedy the conflict created by the tariff of 1828, but it was still deemed unsatisfactory by southerners and other groups hurt by high tariff rates.

Seminole Indians

they lived in Florida. They waged a seven years war against the Americans to try and remain in the east instead of being forcibly removed to the west. They were tricked into a truce where their chief Osceola was captured.

Specie Circular

(July 11, 1836), in U.S. history, an executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson requiring that payment for the purchase of public lands be made exclusively in gold or silver.

“Trail of Tears”

The name of the journey natives were forced to make while being relocated to oklahoma territory. Named for great illness and death on journey.

Force Bill

Passed by Congress alongside the Compromise Tariff, it authorized the president to use the military to collect federal tariff duties.