Types of Data and Performance Improvement in Healthcare- KC #3

What is another name for ordinal data?

Ranked data, which expresses comparative evaluations of various characteristics or entities.

What type of data represents whole numbers?

Discrete data.

What type of data assumes an infinite number of possible values with decimal measurements?

Continuous data.

What data display tool is used to show discrete categories independent of one another?

Bar graph.

What data display tool shows the relationship of each part to the whole?

Pie chart.

What are examples of continuous data?

Weight, time, and temperature.

What method is used in patient satisfaction surveys to rate satisfaction levels from 1 to 5?

Likert scale.

What tool can summarize charges from a department?

Pivot table.

If Sue has three children and Bob has two, what type of data represents the number of children in their families?

Discrete data.

What does external benchmarking exemplify in a healthcare context?

Comparing instances of medication errors to other medical centers of similar size.

What process did the quality department at General Hospital apply to their peer review process?

Sampling, reviewing 20 percent of each provider's inpatient admissions every other year.

What is data accuracy?

The extent to which the data are free of identifiable errors.

What does data comprehensiveness refer to?

The extent to which all required data within the entire scope are collected, documenting intended exclusions.

What is data granularity?

The level of detail at which the attributes and characteristics of data quality are defined.

What does data currency mean?

The extent to which data are up-to-date for a specific point in time.

What is data relevancy?

The extent to which healthcare-related data are useful for the purpose for which they were collected.

What steps should a PI team take before using a data set for performance improvement?

Examine the nature of the data, ensure reliability, correct interpretation, query the data, and report findings.

What is the key to establishing an internal benchmark measure in a healthcare organization?

Collecting data over a period of time (at least 3-6 months) and averaging it.

What is the significance of the PI cycle in performance improvement?

It outlines the process for evaluating and improving healthcare performance.

What is the importance of ensuring data reliability in healthcare data analysis?

To prevent inaccurate data from being reported and to ensure valid conclusions.

How can healthcare organizations ensure data is current?

By regularly updating data to reflect the most recent information available.

What is the role of a pivot table in data analysis?

To summarize and analyze data from a department effectively.

What type of data is used in a Likert scale?

Ordinal data, as it ranks satisfaction levels.

What does the term 'sampling' refer to in the context of peer reviews?

Selecting a portion of cases to review rather than reviewing all cases.

check sheets

used to gather large sets of data based on sample observations in order to detect patterns

should answer the for w’s:

who will collect the data

what data will be collected

where will the data be collected

when will the data be collected

ratio data

consists of ordered numerical values with a true zero point (zero means the unit measured does not exist) ex: weight and height

absolute frquency

the number of times a value occurs

ex: the af of a pain score of 4 out of 10 is 3, it occured 3 times out of 10 options

relative frequency

the number of times a value occurs in relation to the total number of values for the variable

ex: the rf that a score of 4 was recorded 3 times, out of the 7 total recorded scres is 42.9% or 3:7

Management of Data Sets steps

1. examine the nature of the data

2. examine the reliability of the data

3. correct interpretation of data (does this mean what I think it means)

4. accurate querying- extracting relevant cases from data set

5. accurate external reporting- if previous steps are not carried out accurately, reporting could be inaccurate

AHIMA Data quality management functions

• Application: the purpose for data collection

• collection: the processes by which data elements are captured

• warehousing: the processes/systems used to archive data

• analysis: the process of translating data into meaningful info

Standard deviation

• a measure of how spread out numbers are, the calculated square root of the variance

• REMEMBER: any observation occurring further than 2 (+/-) SD from the mean is variant, and if occurs often, indicates a process out of control

skewing

means that there is a lot of very high or very low values in the observations that distort the calculated ean and may shuft the distribution one direction or the other.

histogram

a bar chart that displays combined continuous data proportionally. each bar represents continuous data

Pareto Chart

• remember 80% of problems or costs are caused by 20% of pts or staff

• a bar graph used to determine priorities, the first 4 x-axis points will indicate 80% of errors

• graph is ordered in descending order of frequency

Pivot table

• used to summarize data according to categories (can be done using a check sheet)

• allows user to organize and/or filter the data in various ways

• can be done using excel

line chart

simple, plotted chart of data over time

used to show trends of data that is connected or related

Control chart

• used to measure key process over time

• focuses attention on variation

• upper and lower limits are alway +/- 2 SD from the mean