Bio Chapter 10-12 quiz questions
Studied by 0 people
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/59
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
60 Terms
Which term is correctly matched to its definition?
Electric current: an orderly flow of charged particles
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements is correct ?
Electrotonic conduction within a neuron is faster than ion flow across its membrane.
3 multiple choice options
Why is the sodium-potassium pump important to proper neuron function?
It helps establish the resting membrane potential
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is correct about neuron anatomy?
The axon terminals contain neurotransmitters.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following will typically happen when a sodium channel opens in a neuron?
Sodium ions will enter the neuron, and the membrane will become less polarized
3 multiple choice options
Depolarization of which part of a neuron normally determines whether an action potential will fire in response to an environmental signal or neurotransmitter?
Axon hillock
3 multiple choice options
How does a graded potential fundamentally differ from an action potential (i.e., by definition)?
An action potential fires in a binary "all or nothing" manner, whereas a graded potential exhibits a shift in voltage that corresponds to the degree of stimulation being received.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following will most certainly result in greater sensitivity to a particular environmental stimulus?
A higher concentration of sodium channels in the dendrites of the sensory neurons
3 multiple choice options
A certain type of neuron has a typical resting potential of -45 mV. Which of the following is most likely to be true about this type of neuron?
It fires action potentials more readily than is typical for most neurons (i.e., it is more easily triggered).
3 multiple choice options
Suppose that a drug is developed that prevents voltage-gated K+ channels from opening. What would be the most likely direct effect of this drug on neurons?
They would be unable to quickly repolarize after an action potential.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following may directly result in hyperpolarization of a neuron?
Receiving an inhibitory neurotransmitter
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following has most to do with the concept of temporal summation?
An action potential fires in a neuron after multiple signals are received at one of its synapses.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best describes the effect of myelination on a neuron?
It speeds the rate of the nerve impulse by increasing the efficiency of ion conduction down the neuron.
3 multiple choice options
What would happen if myelin coated the entire length of a neuron's axon, rather than just sections of it?
The depolarization wave would fade before reaching the end of the axon, and the action potential would cease to propagate
3 multiple choice options
How does a neuron report a higher stimulus intensity?
It fires more frequently
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following shows the correct flow of information through a simple nervous system?
stimulus --> sensory neuron --> interneuron --> motor neuron --> response
3 multiple choice options
An action potential has begun to pass through a transverse (T) tubule. Which of the following will happen next?
Calcium will be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements is correct regarding neuromuscular function?
Motor neurons use neurotransmitters to trigger action potentials in muscle cells.
3 multiple choice options
What is the advantage of having a certain sensory neuron wired to multiple interneurons, via excitatory synapses in some and inhibitory synapses in others?
This allows for it to influence how its signal is passed or filtered compared to the signals of other sensory neurons in the area.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements is correct?
A larger encephalization quotient implies more brain processing power available for intelligence.
3 multiple choice options
What is the main reason that carnivorous plants catch and consume insects?
To obtain nutrients that are deficient in the soil they grow in along with extra carbohydrates
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following receptors is correctly matched to its fact?
Mechanoreceptor: modified in sharks and rays to achieve electroreception
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following senses is incorrectly paired with its sensory receptor type?
Taste: mechanoreceptor
3 multiple choice options
In which of the following sensory neurons would we find opsin?
Photoreceptor
3 multiple choice options
Statoliths are associated with sensing what?
Gravity / body orientation
3 multiple choice options
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are used to sense what?
Temperature
3 multiple choice options
Both TRP channels and nociceptors have free or "naked" nerve endings. This tends to be associated with what general sensation?
Pain
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is correct about the phytochrome system of plants?
The active form of phytochrome can act to either stimulate or inhibit a particular outcome.
3 multiple choice options
Which wavelengths of light does phytochrome absorb in its different forms?
Red and far red
3 multiple choice options
What is the advantage in having a pigmented cell next to a photoreceptor in the light sensitive spot of a light-sensing organism?
It allows the animal to sense the direction that light is coming from
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the compound eye?
It allows for a wider field of view than does a camera eye.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following correctly identifies a difference between rods and cones in vertebrate eyes?
Rods are more sensitive to light than are cones.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements about plant tropism is correct?
Tropism occurs when the cell walls along one side of the plant are weakened.
3 multiple choice options
Which is the best description of a hydroskeleton?
Muscles surround a fluid filled structure, which they constrict to pressurize, causing it to become rigid.
3 multiple choice options
What is a myofibril?
A fibrous strand composed of actin and myosin filaments within a muscle cell
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following most accurately summarizes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?
Motor heads along myosin grip actin and ratchet along it, so that the myosin and actin slide past each other causing the myofibrils of the muscle cells to shorten during contraction.
3 multiple choice options
What role does tropomyosin play in muscle contraction?
It moves aside to allow myosin to bind actin.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements is correct about muscle structure or function?
Rigor mortis occurs for a period after death because ATP is necessary to cause myosin to release from actin.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is correct about animal behaviors?
Innate behaviors are likely to evolve when the situation to be responded to has a highly consistent correct response.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is the best description of imprinting?
A kind of learning that involves permanently recognizing something and which occurs automatically during a key window of development
3 multiple choice options
Who famously formulated the argument known as the cogito—"I think, therefore I am"?
René Descartes
3 multiple choice options
Capsaicin is a chemical that triggers the TRPV1 protein in mammals. We then sense this as what?
Heat
3 multiple choice options
What mainly causes synaptic fatigue?
The tendency for a highly stimulated neuron to run out of neurotransmitter
3 multiple choice options
Synaptic fatigue does NOT play a role in which of the following phenomena?
The McGurk effect
3 multiple choice options
What is the McGurk Effect?
The phenomenon in which what we hear is influenced by what we see
3 multiple choice options
What is the connectome?
All of the connections that occur between interneurons in the brain
3 multiple choice options
Schooling fish move almost as one, as a cohesive swarm that flows around obstacles and predators. How does this happen?
Each fish keeps swimming on its own while trying to always maintain a certain distance from its neighbors
3 multiple choice options
What do schooling fish have to do with the topics of consciousness, perception, or death?
The properties of schooling fish may shed insight into how neurons interact in the brain to produce larger smart outcomes.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is the best description of swarm intelligence?
Separate entities influence each other in such tight, intimate feedbacks that broader smart outcomes result from the system.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best describes the interactions of neurons in our brain?
Individual neurons fire to stimulate some neighbors and inhibit others, resulting in complex and chaotic-looking patterns of stimulation and inhibition across the brain.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is correct about the human brain?
It is composed of billions of neurons, with trillions of connections between them.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is the best gross summary of how local anesthetics work?
They prevent affected neurons from passing signals.
3 multiple choice options
In contrast to local anesthetics, we don't have a strong understanding of how general anesthetics work, despite over 150 years of practice using them effectively. However, their mechanism of action seems to most have something to do with what?
Causing the electrical signals of the brain to become less chaotic and more calm or orderly between regions of the brain
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following assertions is most defensible, based on our current scientific understanding of consciousness and evolution?
All animals with brains exhibit at least some level of consciousness.
3 multiple choice options
Trees use the network of mycorrhizal fungi that connects their roots for transport and what else between them?
Chemical communication
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is thought to be one reason that larger animals generally mature later and live longer than smaller animals?
Larger animals are less likely to be eaten by other animals.
3 multiple choice options
What is senescence?
A decline in biological function with age
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements is correct?
Apoptosis is a regular and typically beneficial feature of human biology.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following cancer tumors is most likely to be considered immortal?
One that has no inherent limit on the number of times it can divide
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is most likely to be correct about death?
An organism that is less metabolically active will die more slowly.
3 multiple choice options