Chapter 12: Parts of Speech - Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections (hmh 9th)
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70 Terms
Verb
A word that expresses an action or a state of being.
Action Verb
A verb that expresses action, either physical or mental.
Transitive Verb
An action verb whose action is directed toward a receiver (the object).
Intransitive Verb
An action verb that does not transfer action to a receiver.
Object
The noun or pronoun that receives the action of a transitive verb.
Linking Verb
A verb that links the subject with a noun, pronoun, or adjective in the predicate.
Main Verb
The principal verb in a verb phrase; carries the main semantic content.
Verb Phrase
A main verb preceded by at least one helping verb.
Helping Verb (Auxiliary Verb)
A verb that accompanies a main verb to form a verb phrase.
Be Forms
Common forms of the verb be (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been) used as helping verbs.
Do Forms
Common forms of do (do, does, did) used as helping verbs.
Have Forms
Common forms of have (have, has, had) used as helping verbs.
Other Helping Verbs
Additional helping verbs such as can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must.
Adverb
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb; tells where, when, how, or to what extent.
Adjective
A word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
Predicate Adjective
An adjective in the predicate that describes the subject after a linking verb.
Preposition
A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word; always followed by an object.
Compound Preposition
A preposition made of more than one word (e.g., in front of).
Adverb vs Preposition Usage
Some words can function as either an adverb or a preposition; a preposition is followed by an object.
Conjunction
A word used to join words or groups of words.
Coordinating Conjunction
And, but, or, nor, for, so, yet; connect words or groups of words of the same kind.
Correlative Conjunction
Pairs of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words used in the same way (e.g., both…and; either…or; not only… but also).
Interjection
A word used to express emotion; not grammatically related to the rest of the sentence.
Object of a Preposition
The noun or pronoun that follows a preposition and completes its relation.
Adverb of Place
An adverb telling where (nearby, inside, etc.).
Adverb of Time
An adverb telling when (today, soon, etc.).
Adverb of Manner
An adverb telling how (slowly, gracefully, etc.).
Adverb of Degree/Extent
An adverb telling to what extent (almost, quite, very).
Ly Suffix (-ly)
Often adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives (e.g., careful → carefully).
Adverb Modifying an Adjective
An adverb that modifies an adjective (e.g., quite hard; tells how hard).
Verb
A word that expresses an action or a state of being.
Action Verb
A verb that expresses action, either physical or mental.
Example of Action Verb
She runs every morning. (physical action)
He thinks deeply about the problem. (mental action)
Transitive Verb
An action verb whose action is directed toward a receiver (the object).
Example of Transitive Verb
The chef cooked dinner. (Cooked is transitive; 'dinner' is the object).
Intransitive Verb
An action verb that does not transfer action to a receiver.
Example of Intransitive Verb
The birds sing loudly. (Sing is intransitive; there is no object receiving the action).
Object
The noun or pronoun that receives the action of a transitive verb.
Linking Verb
A verb that links the subject with a noun, pronoun, or adjective in the predicate.
Example of Linking Verb
She is happy. (Is links 'she' to the adjective 'happy').
He became a doctor. (Became links 'he' to the noun 'doctor').
Main Verb
The principal verb in a verb phrase; carries the main semantic content.
Verb Phrase
A main verb preceded by at least one helping verb.
Helping Verb (Auxiliary Verb)
A verb that accompanies a main verb to form a verb phrase.
Example of Helping Verb
They will be going to the store. ('will' and 'be' are helping verbs; 'going' is the main verb).
Be Forms
Common forms of the verb be (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been) used as helping verbs.
Do Forms
Common forms of do (do, does, did) used as helping verbs.
Have Forms
Common forms of have (have, has, had) used as helping verbs.
Other Helping Verbs
Additional helping verbs such as can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must.
Adverb
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb; tells where, when, how, or to what extent.
Example of Adverb
She sings beautifully. (Modifies the verb 'sings').
He is very tall. (Modifies the adjective 'tall').
She ran quite quickly. (Modifies the adverb 'quickly').
Adjective
A word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
Predicate Adjective
An adjective in the predicate that describes the subject after a linking verb.
Preposition
A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word; always followed by an object.
Example of Preposition
The book is on the table. ('on' shows the relationship between 'book' and 'table'; 'table' is the object of the preposition).
Compound Preposition
A preposition made of more than one word (e.g., in front of).
Adverb vs Preposition Usage
Some words can function as either an adverb or a preposition; a preposition is followed by an object.
Conjunction
A word used to join words or groups of words.
Coordinating Conjunction
And, but, or, nor, for, so, yet; connect words or groups of words of the same kind.
Example of Coordinating Conjunction
I want pizza and pasta. (Connects two nouns).
She is smart but shy. (Connects two adjectives).
Correlative Conjunction
Pairs of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words used in the same way (e.g., both…and; either…or; not only… but also).
Example of Correlative Conjunction
Neither John nor Mary was at the party. (Connects two nouns).
Interjection
A word used to express emotion; not grammatically related to the rest of the sentence.
Example of Interjection
Wow! That was amazing.
Oh, I forgot my keys.
Object of a Preposition
The noun or pronoun that follows a preposition and completes its relation.
Adverb of Place
An adverb telling where (nearby, inside, etc.).
Adverb of Time
An adverb telling when (today, soon, etc.).
Adverb of Manner
An adverb telling how (slowly, gracefully, etc.).
Adverb of Degree/Extent
An adverb telling to what extent (almost, quite, very).
Ly Suffix (-ly)
Often adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives (e.g., careful
\to carefully).
Adverb Modifying an Adjective
An adverb that modifies an adjective (e.g., quite hard; tells how hard).