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AP English Language and Composition
G9 English Reviewer 3rd Qtr
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English
Literature
AP English Language and Composition
9th
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78 Terms
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Drama
it is considered the mother of all arts
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acts and scenes
drama is presented through dialogue and it is divided into _______
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Play
is a story acted out, live and onstage
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Playwright
writer of a play
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Mimesis
a theory that says “Drama is an imitation/reflection of reality”
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Soliloquy
is a speech in which a character who is on stage reveals private thoughts and feelings to the audience
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greece or egypt
drama originated from ___________________
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Dionysius
the god of vegetation and wine
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Aeschylus
introduced the second actor
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Sophocles
added the third actor and further enlarged the scope of dramatist
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Aristotle
most successful playwrights follow his theories of playwriting and drama which were established over two thousand years ago
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Thought
what the play means as opposed to what happens (the plot)
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Action
 the events of a play; the story as opposed to the theme; what happens rather than what it means
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Crisis
an emergency, such as a car crash or an illness and conflict has a clash of wills, a difficult moral choice or internal mental struggle
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Rising Action
this is where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed
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Conflict
it is the opposition of forces which ties one incident to another and makes the plot move
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Man vs. Man
the leading character struggles with his physical strength against other men, or animals
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physical
Man vs. Man
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Man vs. Circumstances
the leading character struggles against fate or the circumstances of life facing him/her
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classical
Man vs. Circumstances
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Man vs. Society
the leading character struggles against other people's ideas, practices, or customs
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Man vs. Himself
the leading character struggles with himself/herself; with his/her own soul, ideas of right or wrong, physical limitations, choices, etc
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psychological
Man vs. Himself
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Climax
this is the highest point of interest and the story's turning point
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Falling Action
the events and complications begin to resolve themselves
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Denouement
this is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story
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 Language
a sense of DECORUM must be established by the characters, ie., what is said is appropriate to the role and situation of a character
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Music
this is the rhythm of the actors’ voices as they speak
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Spectacle
the visual elements of the play created for a theatrical event
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Tragedy
it is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude. ends in death
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tragedy
tragedy ends in ________
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Comedy
this is a type of drama intended to interest and amuse the audience rather than make them deeply concerned about the events that happen
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Farce
exaggerated comedy
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Tragicomedy
is a literary genre that blends aspects of both tragic and comic forms
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Aside
is a brief remark delivered by a character to express private thoughts while other characters are onstage
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Stage Direction
 is written instruction on the entrances and exits of characters in a play, as well as the movements they make during the scene
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Dramatis Personae
“People of Drama” in Latin; is a list of characters in a play, usually found on the first page of the script
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Chorus
a group of actors who speak or sing together commenting on an action
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Tragic Hero
a character of high repute, who because of a tragic flaw and fate, suffers a fall from glory into tragedy
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Tragic flaw
a weakness or limitation of character, resulting in the fall of the tragic hero
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Comic Relief
humorous episode/s in a play that is mainly tragic
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Character
refers to a textual representation of a human being (or occasionally another creature
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Factual Characters
are real life characters
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Iconic Character
a representation of a factual character
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Fictional Character
the creation of the author’s mind
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Principality
the position or authority/prominence of the role played
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Protagonist
the protagonist is a character in a work of fiction whose intentions are the primary focus of a story
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Antagonist
the antagonist is a character (or sometimes an institution) against whom the protagonist(s) must fight
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Personality
it means-the sum total of the physical, mental, emotional, and social characteristics of an individual
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Flat character
the person whose personality remains the same throughout the story
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Round character
are major characters in a work of fiction who encounter conflict and are changed by it
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Development
changing one’s action because of a certain event that changes the person’s habit of doing something
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Dynamic character
is one who undergoes an important change in the course of the story
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Static character
 they do not undergo substantial emotional change or growth, remaining essentially the same in the end as he or she was at the beginning
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Stock characters
is a fictional character that relies heavily on cultural types or stereotypes for its personality, manner of speech, and other characteristics
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Confidante
someone in whom the central character confides, thus revealing the main character’s personality, thoughts, and intentions
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Foil
a character that is used to enhance another character through contrast
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Characterization
is the process by which the author reveals the personality of the characters and things that makes the character unique
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Direct Characterization
he author tells the reader what the personality of the character is
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Indirect Characterization
the author shows the reader things that reveal the personality of the character
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Speech, thoughts, effects on others, actions, looks
STEAL meaning
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Showing
the difference between direct characterization and indirect characterization is TELLING vs. ___________
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Theme
it is the author’s underlying meaning or main idea that he is trying to convey
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Dithyramb
this is the choral song intended for the god of vegetation
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Plot
the basic story line of the play
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Exposition
the beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is revealed
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Dran
which means to act or to perform
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Elizabethan
the period in history where Shakespeare became famous
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Five
How many acts in a Shakespeare play?
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Dialogue
used to keep the story moving in a play
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Impersonation
it means copying people/trying to be somebody in order to deceive people or to entertain them
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Mime
it is the use of movements of your hands and body and the expressions on your face to tell a story/act without speaking
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Entertaining
this is the ultimate purpose of any literary genre aside from educating and informing
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Thespis
the person who introduced the element of impersonation in drama
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Melodrama
the protagonist of this genre of drama experiences problems caused by outside forces. The protagonist is usually a victim of circumstance
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Lord Chamberlain
the company of Shakespeare’s theatre
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Priest
 a person who initiates the ritual for a better harvest
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Hamartia
another name for tragic flaw