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29 Terms

1

Longhorn Cattle

Descendants of Spanish stock that roamed wild in Texas, with horns that could spread up to eight feet.

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2

Cattle Town

A settlement established for the cattle trade; Abilene, Kansas, was the first of its kind.

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3

Chisholm Trail

A significant cattle-driving route connecting central Texas to Abilene, stretching 500 miles.

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4

Cowboys

Young men, often from various backgrounds, who drove cattle and faced demanding conditions.

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5

Hereford Cattle

A breed introduced to improve the quality of beef in Kansas but caused conflicts due to diseases.

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6

Quarantine Laws

Restrictions that limited the movement of Texas cattle to prevent disease spread.

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7

Meatpacking Industry

A sector that transformed food production and distribution, featuring figures like G.H. Hammond.

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8

Open Range

The unregulated land used for grazing cattle, which ended in the late 1880s due to conflicts.

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9

Fence-Cutters’ War

Conflicts between large and small ranchers over land use, leading to legislative changes.

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10

Homestead Act of 1862

Legislation allowing settlers to claim 160 acres under specific conditions.

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11

Dummy Homesteaders

Unscrupulous practices used by companies to take advantage of land policies.

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12

Sodbusters

Tough steel plows developed for cultivating prairie land, which was initially thought to be a desert.

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13

Joseph Glidden

Inventor whose production of barbed wire skyrocketed post-1883.

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14

Dust Bowl

A severe soil erosion crisis in the 1930s largely attributed to poor farming practices.

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15

Turner's Thesis

Argument that frontier experiences shaped American culture, fostering self-reliance and individualism.

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16

Agribusiness

Large-scale farming operations focusing on efficient production of cash crops.

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17

Bonanza Farms

Large farms that emerged with economies of scale and led to major agribusiness holdings.

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18

Crop Lien System

A credit system that led to high-interest loans for farmers, resulting in debt and landlessness.

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19

Greenback Movement

An effort to increase the supply of paper currency to help farmers combat deflation.

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20

Grange

An organization founded in 1867 aimed at cooperative marketing and member-owned businesses.

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21

Munn v. Illinois

A court case that upheld state's rights to set maximum freight rates.

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22

Interstate Commerce Act

Legislation that established Congressional authority to regulate interstate trade.

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23

Sod Homes

Houses built by settlers from sod, often due to lack of timber in the plains.

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24

G.H. Hammond

An important figure in the meatpacking industry that helped transform food production.

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25

Tenant Farming

A system where farmers work the land owned by another and pay rent with crops.

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26

Cattle Drives

The herding of large numbers of cattle to northern markets, involving significant labor and dangers.

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27

Cattle Ranchers

Individuals or companies that raise cattle for beef production.

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28

Homesteading,

The practice of settling and farming land for self-sustainability during the post-Civil War period.

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29

Rancher Associations

Groups formed to increase political influence and protect interests in rail transport and markets.

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