Sports Psych Exam 4

Moral Development, Anger, Self-Control

Self-Control

capacity for altering one’s own response especially to bring them in line with standards such as ideals, values, morals and social expectations, and to support the pursuit of long-term goals

What happens when you engage in a physical task after a self-control task?

performance declines

What are reasons people “can’t” engage in self-control?

self-control is a limited resource (can be depleted)

What are reasons people “won’t” engage in self-control?

may be a motivational phenomenon (reduces willingness to apply self-control)

What is true of elite athletes and demands of sport?

elite athletes are less affected by demands of sport

Sportspersonship

trying your best to win while still playing fair and following the rules, even if it costs you an advantage

Structural Developmental Theories in Sports Psych

Self-interest or egocentrisim—→ Altruistic or “golden rule”——→ Mutual Interest and welfare (human rights)

What are the basic conclusions of ‘Kohlberg’s Theory’?

people develop their sense of right and wrong in stages

moral reasoning changes over time

people move from simple thinking (avoiding punishment) to more advanced thinking (ethics and principles)

Why do athletes tend to use a lower level of moral reasoning in their sport than in everyday life dilemmas?

Game Reasoning- differences between life/sport, self-interest is allowed, can be a different person on and off the field, an overemphasis on winning encourages an egocentric viewpoint

Moral Disengagement

psychosocial mechanisms that allow people to act in ways typically considered amoral without experiencing negative affect

What are some factors related to ‘moral disengagement’?

moral justification, diffusion of responsiblity, displacement of responsibility, distorition of consequences, dehumanization, attribution of blame

What is true about guilt and empathy?

they are positively correlated

Sports and Aggression

Aggression in sport does not equal aggression outside sport

Catharsis

Venting doesn’t reduce future aggression

What are some ways to cool down after experiencing anger?

diaphragmatic breathing (slow down breathing rate), progressive muscular relaxation (tighten and untighten muscles), imagery (peaceful place)

What are the three parts of the ‘Influence of Transgressive Behavior’?

Proximal Predicators, person variables, social environment variables

Self-Control

the capacity for altering one’s own responses, especially to bring them in line with standards such as ideals, values, morals, and social expectations, and to support the pursuit of long-term goals

What is true about self-control?

exerting control can be tiring and unpleasant

What is the ‘AX-Continuous Performance Test’?

computerized neuropsychological task used to measure cognitive control, specifically how people use context to guide behavior and maintain goals in working memory

What types of tasks are more influenced by mental fatigue?

isometric resistance, dynamic resistance, aerobic resistance, and motor skills performance

What types of tasks are less influenced by mental fatigue?

Maximal anaerobic performance and sprinting

Expected Value of Control Theory

individuals can sometimes influence the outcomes of their decisions through their actions/choices, this will help them to know how much effort to put in

What is the main goal of ACT therapy?

psychological flexibility- learning to embrace uncomfortable thoughts and feelings (thoughts/feelings are not good or bad, they just are)