Physical Science Vocab

Acceleration

Speeding up or slowing down

Condensation

Gas to a liquid

Density

Mass per unit volume

Force

Push or pull

Freezing

Liquid to solid

Mass

Amount of matter in an object

Measurement

Number that shows size or quantity

Melting

Solid to liquid

Power

Work in a unit of time

Speed

Distance traveled over time

Sublimation

Solid to gas

Velocity

Speed in a given direction

Work

Force applied to an object

Diffusion

Spreading and mixing of molecules in a random motion

Fluid

Any substance that can flow

Gel

A solid that is dispersed in a liquid or gas

Weight

The measure of the pull of gravity

Brownian matter

The random movement of molecules due to collision

Viscosity

Measure of a fluid's resistance to flow

Ductility

An element's ability to be pulled into a wire

Malleability

How easily an element is able to be hammered or pressed

Reactivity

How a material mixes with another material

Mass

The amount of matter in an object

Luster

How an element reflects light

Conductivity

How easily a material can transfer energy

Atomic number

Gives the atom its identity

Bohr model

Electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

Valence electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell

Isotope

Same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons

Law of electrostatic charge

Opposite charges attract same charges repel 

Metalloids

Elements with properties of metals and non metals

Photons

Pocket of energy

Ion

Electrically charged atom 

Element

A pure substance that consists of atoms with the same atomic number

Compound

A pure substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio

Molecule

A particle consisting of two or more atoms conventionally bonded together

Bond

The association of atoms or ions to form molecules, crystals, and other structures

Octet Rule

A principle that states atoms generally are most stable when they have 8 electrons in their valence energy level

Chemical Bond

An electrostatic attraction that forms between atoms when they share or transfer valence electrons

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond formed as a result of two atoms sharing valence electrons

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed when atoms transfer valence electrons

Metallic Bond

the attraction between metallic atoms and their collectively shared valence electrons

Formula Unit

 The attraction between metallic atoms and their collectively shared valence electrons

Formula Unit

The smallest whole number ratio of ions within a ionic compound

Diatomic Molecule

A model made of two atoms

Lewis Structure

A system for modeling covalent bonds between atoms and any un-bonded electrons

Polarity

The unequal distribution of electrical charges in a covalent bond

Poly atomic Molecules

A molecule formed by two or more atoms, including diatomic molecules

Chemical Formula

A shorthand way of identifying chemical changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions

Binary Compound

A compound made from only two elements

Poly-atomic Ion

A group of contently bonded atoms that together have gained or lost electrons and act as a single ionized particle

Oxidation State

A positive or negative number showing the electric charge on an element when it forms a compound

Activation Energy

The minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur

Catalyst

A substance that helps a reaction happen faster

Chemical Equilibrium

A state that occurs one forward and reverse reactions each happen at the same rate

Chemical Equation

A combination of chemical formula and symbols that model a chemical reaction

Chemical Reaction

The process that rearranges the atoms in one of my substances until one or more substances

Coefficient

A number placed in front of a chemical formula in a chemical equation that shows how many units of written or product are needed to be balanced

Collision Mode

 A model that states for a reaction to occur  the reactant particles must collide with each other with the proper alignment and enough energy.

Combustion

Exothermic chemical reaction in which the fuel reacts with oxygen

Decomposition Reaction

Chemical reaction in which a single reactant breaks down into two or more products

Double Replacement Reaction

Two compounds to swap cations or anions with each other

Endothermic Reaction

Chemical reaction that absorbs more thermal energy than releases 

Exothermic Reaction

Chemical reaction that releases more thermal energy than it absorbs

Inhibitor

A substance that slows the right of a reaction by reducing the effectiveness of a catalysts

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but only transferred between objects

LeChatelier’s Principle

Equilibrium will adjust if equilibrium position if any changes are made

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance

Mole

 Fundamental unit for the quantity of matter in a substance

Oxidation

The loss of electrons in a chemical reaction

Product

A substance formed during a chemical reaction