Ch 8 Television

Television

A scientific invention that serves as an attractive advertising medium and influential mass media.

1884

Paul Nipkow invents the scanning disc.

1923

Early TV development by Farnsworth & Zworykin (Iconoscope tube, Kinescope).

1928

First mechanical video transmission.

1939

Regular TV broadcasting begins.

1941

First two commercial TV stations launch.

1936

First Television Broadcast NBC/RCA July 7

1951

AT&T completes coaxial cable and microwave relay for national network coverage.

Time Brokers

Networks sold commercial time until scandals like The $64,000 Question revealed fixed outcomes, leading to changes in broadcasting ethics.

TV News and Documentaries

Pioneered by Edward R. Murrow (CBS) and David Brinkley & Chet Huntley (NBC).

Crossover from Radio and Film

Dramas, sitcoms, variety shows, soap operas, feature films, and talk shows transitioned to TV.

GTAM Meter

Monitors global television audience.

Peoplemeter

Records viewing choices and times via button press.

Paper Diary Surveys

Conducted in February, May, July, and November, combined with peoplemeter data.

Nielsen Ratings

A system developed to measure television viewership and audience consumption habits.

Convergence

The merging of television and new technologies, resulting in various viewing methods.

Quiz Show Scandal

A controversy in which quiz shows manipulated outcomes, most famously the $64,000 Question.

McCarthyism

A period of intense anti-communist suspicion in the US, particularly during the early 1950s.

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967

Legislation that unified educational broadcasting and established PBS.

First-run syndication

Television programs produced specifically for sale into syndication on a market-by-market basis.

Cord-cutting

The trend of viewers canceling their cable subscriptions in favor of streaming services.

Digital Video Recorder (DVR)

A device that records television programs for later viewing, which has influenced ratings.

Linear TV

Television programming that is consumed in real-time, as it is broadcast.

SVOD

Subscription Video on Demand services such as Netflix or Amazon Prime.

Audience Measurement

The practice of tracking and analyzing viewer habits and preferences in television.

Interactive Television

A form of television that allows viewers to participate in a program's content.

Total Viewer Impression

The total actual viewership across all possible platforms.

Fiber optic infrastructure

High-capacity digital telephone lines that have enabled the growth of cable networks.

Market Research

The action of gathering information about consumers' needs and preferences.

Long-tail viewing

Viewership that occurs over time across multiple platforms.

Television License

Permission granted to operators to broadcast television content.

Audience Consumption Behavior

Changes in how audiences engage with television content based on different technologies.

A la carte pricing

A pricing strategy where viewers select and pay for only the channels they choose.

Zero-TV homes

Households that do not receive traditional television through cable or satellite.

Producers with organizational stability

Television producers who have the financial backing and reliability to create content.

C3 & C7 Ratings

Metrics that measure viewership within 3 and 7 days of program airing, respectively.

90%

of U.S. household owned TV sets

Lucille Ball's Impact

Live-on-film technique. Introduction of reruns. Weekly series streamlined production schedules.

Pilots

Out of 4,000 proposals, only 20-30 series make it to air annually.

Rating

Percentage of all households with TVs tuned to a specific program.

Share

Percentage of households watching TV at that time tuned to a specific program.

Nonlinear

consumed on their own time

FAST

Free ad-supported streaming TV

SVOD

Subscription video on demand (Netflix, Amazon Prime,..)

AVOD

Ad-supported video on demand (Amazon FreeVee, YouTube, PlutoTV…)

TV Households

Over 120 million in the U.S. (96% of all homes)

Viewing Habits

Average adult watches 27 hours per week

Binge-Watching

88% of U.S. adults admit losing sleep due to __________ TV series.

Prime-Time Ad Cost

$100,000+ for a 30-second spot.

Revenue

$84.4 billion (ad-based) and $119.1 billion (subscription TV) in 2021.

Reach

TV reaches more adults daily than any other medium.

Time Spent

Adults spend more time with TV than other media

Effectiveness

TV leads in product awareness, consumer interest, and purchase intent.

Networks and Affiliates

1,372 affiliates sell viewers to advertisers.

Major Networks

ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX (each with over 200 affiliates).

Producer Preference

Networks favor producers with organizational and financial stability.

Streaming Impact

Premium cable and streaming platforms bypass pilots with straight-to-series commitments.

Off-network programming

programming that originally aired on the networks themselves.

Stripped

shows that are broadcast at the same time, five evenings a week

Multiple System Operators (MSOs)

own several cable franchises.

Cord-nevers

Individuals who have never subscribed to traditional cable or satellite television services.

Over-the-top (OTT)

delivers video with an MSO

VCR

was introduced commercially in 1976; (production ceased in 2016)

Time Shifting

Recording programs for watching later

Zipping

fast forwarding through commercials.

Digital video discs (DVDs)

remain the fastest growing consumer electronic product of all time

Streaming Growth

Enabled by increased bandwidth and broadband connections.

VMVPD

Virtual multichannel video programming distributors offer aggregated live and on-demand TV over the Internet.

Integration

The internet and television are becoming increasingly seamless.

Interactive Features

Includes interactive television and digital cable.

Video-on-Demand (VOD

Access to content at viewer’s convenience.

Phone-over-Cable

30 million subscribers, enabling bundling of services.

Satirical News

A source of information often more insightful than traditional news shows.

2016 Elections

Highlighted public dissatisfaction with traditional press performance.

Satirical Anchors

Viewed as valuable and trusted journalists.

Media Literacy

Involves critically evaluating whether traditional media provides adequate and accurate news.