MLLS 106 - Additional Review Questions for Final Module Exam

What is a pathogen?

A pathogen is an organism, typically a microbe, that can cause disease.

What do you use to clean the lens of a microscope?

Use lens paper or a microfiber cloth to clean the lens of a microscope.

What are the three objectives of a microscope?

The three objectives are low power, high power, and oil immersion objectives.

Which microscope objective should you first start looking at a slide?

You should start looking at a slide with the low power objective.

What does TDG stand for?

TDG stands for Transportation of Dangerous Goods.

What is the purpose of TDG?

The purpose of TDG is to ensure the safe and effective transportation of hazardous materials.

Do the regulations of TDG apply to all hazardous materials traveling by rail, water, or highway?

No, it applies only to certain hazardous materials and not all.

What is the UN number?

The UN number is a four-digit number assigned by the United Nations for the identification of hazardous substances.

What are the UN numbers for Class 6 Category A and B?

The UN number for Class 6 Category A is UN 2814 and for Category B it is UN 2900.

What is the UN number for dry ice?

The UN number for dry ice is UN 1845.

What is the UN number for medical waste for sharps?

The UN number for medical waste for sharps is UN 3291.

Do you need training in TDG to package specimens for transport?

Yes, training in TDG is required to package specimens for transport.

What does WHMIS stand for?

WHMIS stands for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.

What are the three elements that fall under WHMIS?

The three elements are labels, safety data sheets (SDS), and worker education and training.

What does GHS stand for?

GHS stands for Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals.

What is the purpose of having an MSDS?

The purpose of an MSDS is to provide information about the hazards and safe handling of chemicals.

When can we apply a workplace label?

A workplace label can be applied when a hazardous material is transferred from its original container.

What are some potential health hazards in a lab?

Potential health hazards include chemical exposure, biological agents, and physical hazards such as slips and falls.

What is a supplier label?

A supplier label is a label provided by the supplier that includes hazard symbols, product information, and safety precautions.

What are the differences between a supplier label and a workplace label?

A supplier label is standardized and includes specific information, while a workplace label can be created based on user needs.

What does the term due diligence mean?

Due diligence refers to the responsibility to take reasonable care to prevent harm or ensure safety.

What rights do employees have regarding unsafe work?

Employees have the right to refuse unsafe work and report the conditions.

Who governs the laboratories?

Laboratories are governed by various regulatory bodies, including health and safety agencies.

What is confidentiality in the context of a lab?

Confidentiality means keeping sensitive information secure and private.

What are the different types of pipettes?

Different types of pipettes include volumetric pipettes, transfer pipettes, and micropipettes.

Differentiate between a TD pipette and a TC pipette.

A TD (to deliver) pipette is designed to deliver a specific volume of liquid, while a TC (to contain) pipette is calibrated to contain a specific volume.

What are the different types of water?

Types of water include distilled water, deionized water, and tap water.

Which type of water is considered the purest?

Distilled water is considered the purest type of water.

What is ergonomics?

Ergonomics is the study of how to design equipment and arrange workplaces to ensure comfort and efficiency.

What is the number one cause of carpal tunnel syndrome in the lab?

Repetitive motion or improper ergonomic practices are the number one cause of carpal tunnel syndrome in the lab.

What are the classes of fire extinguishers?

Fire extinguishers are classified into classes A, B, C, D, and K, based on the type of fire they are designed to extinguish.

What are the three components that make up the fire triangle?

The three components are heat, fuel, and oxygen.

What turns the fire triangle into a fire tetrahedron?

The fourth component is a chemical chain reaction.

What are the principles involved in radiation exposure?

The principles include time, distance, and shielding to minimize exposure.

When should we wear gloves in the lab?

Gloves should be worn when handling hazardous materials or biological samples.

What is the procedure for donning and doffing gloves?

The procedure includes ensuring hands are clean before putting on gloves and removing them without contaminating the hands.

What are the steps for proper handwashing?

Steps include wetting hands, applying soap, scrubbing for at least 20 seconds, rinsing thoroughly, and drying with a clean towel.

What is the difference between a fume hood and a biological safety cabinet?

A fume hood is designed to protect the user from inhaling toxic vapors, while a biological safety cabinet is designed to protect both the user and the samples from contamination.

What should we use to clean bench tops?

Use disinfectant solutions or wipes to clean bench tops.

What should we use to clean blood spills?

Use appropriate disinfectants, usually containing bleach or other suitable agents, to clean blood spills.

How long minimum should we flush eyes with water if a chemical gets in them?

You should flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes.

Should we add acid to water or water to acid?

Always add acid to water to prevent splattering and exothermic reactions.

What are bloodborne pathogens?

Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease.

How can we protect ourselves from bloodborne pathogens?

Protect yourself by using personal protective equipment (PPE) and following proper protocols.

If you have made a large spill with aerosol in the lab, what should you do?

Immediately evacuate the area, contain the spill if safe, and follow emergency procedures.

What type of mask should we wear for airborne precautions?

Wear an N95 respirator or a higher-level mask for airborne precautions.

What is a vector infection transmission?

Vector infection transmission occurs when an organism (vector) transmits pathogens between hosts, for example, through mosquitoes.

What is the difference between airborne precautions and droplet precautions?

Airborne precautions are for pathogens that travel long distances in the air, while droplet precautions are for pathogens that travel short distances through respiratory droplets.

What does the chain of infection consist of?

The chain of infection consists of an infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

How can we break the chain of infection?

We can break the chain by eliminating any link, such as using proper hygiene and vaccinations.

What is a biohazard?

A biohazard is a biological substance that poses a threat to the health of living organisms.

What should you use to wipe blood off a specimen tube?

Use a disinfectant wipe or a disposable towel soaked in disinfectant.

What is a nosocomial infection?

A nosocomial infection is a hospital-acquired infection.

How can we prevent nosocomial infections?

Prevent nosocomial infections through proper hygiene, handwashing, and sterilization protocols.

What is reverse or protective isolation?

Reverse isolation is a technique used to protect patients with weakened immune systems from infections.

What does virulence mean?

Virulence refers to the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism.

What does susceptibility mean?

Susceptibility refers to the vulnerability of an individual to infection or disease.

What does infectious mean?

Infectious means capable of causing an infection.

What do fomites mean?

Fomites are inanimate objects that can carry and transmit infectious agents.

What does systemic mean?

Systemic refers to something that affects the whole body rather than a localized area.

What does immune mean?

Immune refers to the body's ability to resist or eliminate pathogens.

What does breach of confidentiality mean?

A breach of confidentiality is the unauthorized disclosure of private information.

What are the different types of consent?

Types of consent include informed consent, implied consent, and explicit consent.

What does negligence mean?

Negligence refers to the failure to take proper care that a reasonable person would take.

What does battery mean in a medical context?

Battery refers to unauthorized physical contact with a person.

What does assault mean in a medical context?

Assault refers to the threat of harm that causes fear of imminent harm.

What does ethical standard mean?

Ethical standard refers to the principles of right conduct in professional settings.

What is distillation?

Distillation is a process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on different boiling points.

What are standard precautions?

Standard precautions are infection control practices used to prevent transmission of infectious agents.

What are universal precautions?

Universal precautions are guidelines to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens.

Are artificial nails allowed in the lab?

No, artificial nails are not allowed in the lab due to hygiene concerns.

Are we allowed to eat in the lab?

No, eating in the lab is prohibited to prevent contamination.

What is preanalytical, analytical, and post-analytical?

Preanalytical, analytical, and post-analytical refer to stages of laboratory testing; preanalytical involves sample collection, analytical is the actual testing, and post-analytical involves reporting the results.

What are the duties of a laboratory technician?

Duties include preparing samples, performing tests, maintaining equipment, and ensuring lab safety.

What is the difference between technician and technologist?

A technician typically performs routine lab tasks, while a technologist often has more education and handles more complex procedures.

What is the regulation number for laboratory specimen procurement?

Regulation numbers may vary by jurisdiction, generally referring to established guidelines for specimen collection.

What are the different legislation and acts found under lesson 6?

Legislation may include health and safety acts, environmental protection acts, and laboratory regulations.

What is sterilization?

Sterilization is the process of eliminating all forms of microbial life.

How do we perform sterilization?

Sterilization can be performed using methods such as autoclaving, chemical disinfectants, or radiation.

What are the principles behind an autoclave?

An autoclave uses steam under pressure to achieve sterilization.

What is the time, temperature, and PSI for an autoclave?

Typically, autoclaving is performed at 121°C (250°F) for 15-20 minutes at 15 PSI.

What glassware can be sterilized?

Glassware that can be sterilized includes beakers, flasks, and petri dishes.

What plasticware can be sterilized?

Certain plasticware, such as autoclavable tubes and bags, can be sterilized.

Name some laboratory equipment.

Common lab equipment includes microscopes, centrifuges, pipettes, and balances.

How do you use a centrifuge?

Load samples evenly, balance the rotor, close the lid, and set the desired speed and time.