Module 3 Quiz Information: Circular Motion & Gravitation

Period

The time taken for one complete cycle of a periodic motion.

Average Speed

The total distance traveled divided by the total time taken.

Tangential Velocity

The linear velocity of an object moving along a circular path.

Centripetal Acceleration

The acceleration directed towards the center of a circular path, responsible for changing the direction of an object.

Centripetal Force

The net force causing the inward acceleration of an object moving in a circular path.

Universal Law of Gravitation

The law stating that every particle attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

Eccentricity

A measure of how much an orbit deviates from being circular; it ranges from 0 (circle) to 1 (parabola).

Kepler’s Third Law

The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

Kepler’s 1st Law

The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the sun at one of the two foci.

Kepler’s 2nd Law

A line that connects a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.

Ellipse

A shape formed by a plane intersecting a cone, which has two foci and is defined by its eccentricity.

Centripetal Force Formula

Centripetal Force (Fc) = (mass (m) x velocity^2 (v^2)) / radius (r).

Total Separation Distance

The total distance between two objects in orbit, considering both the radius of the orbits and the distance between their centers.

Vector Diagram

A graphical representation showing the velocity, acceleration, and force vectors acting on an object in circular and elliptical motion.

Centripetal Force Formula

Centripetal Force (Fc) = (mass (m) x velocity^2 (v^2)) / radius (r).

Acceleration Formula

Acceleration (a) = change in velocity (Δv) / time taken (Δt).

Velocity Formula

Velocity (v) = displacement (d) / time (t).

Force Formula

Force (F) = mass (m) x acceleration (a).

Kinetic Energy Formula

Kinetic Energy (KE) = 1/2 x mass (m) x velocity^2 (v^2).

Potential Energy Formula

Potential Energy (PE) = mass (m) x gravitational acceleration (g) x height (h).