Studied by 9 peopleSomatic Cells
diploid body cells (skin cells, muscle cells, etc.)
germ line cells
Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to form haploid gametes
Gametes
sex cells
Chromosome
threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next
Homologous Chromosomes
term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent
Sister Chromatids
one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
Autosome
chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; also called autosomal chromosome
Sex chromosome
one of two chromosomes that determines an individual's sex
sexual reproduction
type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
asexual reproduction
process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
Fertilization
process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Linked genes
genes that are typically inherited together because they are located close to each other on the same chromosome
Diploid
term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes
Haploid
term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes
Meiosis
process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Mitosis
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
Zygote
a fertilized egg
independent assortment
one of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
crossing over
process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Nondisjunction
error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly
locus
location of where a gene is located on a chromosome
gene
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring
Allele
one of a number of different forms of a gen
when does crossing over take place
prophase 1
when does independent assortment take place
metaphase 1
what is Mendel famous for
he learned that traits are passed from parent to child
Homozygous dominant
2 dominant alleles ex HH
Heterozygous
one dominant and one recessive allele ex Hh
Homozygous recessive
2 recessive alleles
sex linked traits
traits located on sex chromosmes
codominance
2 alleles are expressed separately ex spotted animal
incomplete dominance
2 alleles are expressed together, a blend of the 2 alleles
pedigrees
A way to model the inheritance of a specific trait through a family to track a specific disorder or identify an pattern of inheritance.
what is the phenotype of this child? B = brown eyes b = blue eyes
brown eyed boy
what is true about this child
girl who is a hemophilia carrier
why CANT men be hemophilia carriers
because they only have 1 x chromosome
Note
Flashcard