MATCHING

What is peritonitis?

inflammation of the peritoneal membranes, painful condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the affected organs

What is mumps?

caused by mumps virus, usually targets the salivary gland (especially the parotid salivary glands)

What is gingivitis?

bacterial infection of gingivae

What is plaque?

organic material that is created by bacteria

What is tartar?

hard layer, plaque that has calcified

What are dental caries?

- cavities, acids (generated from bacteria) that erode the structure of teeth

What is heartburn?

reflux or backflow from the stomach

What is gastritis?

inflammation of the gastric mucosa

What is a peptic ulcer?

when digestive acids and enzymes erode through the lining of the stomach and small intestine. 80% is caused by Helicobacter pylori

What are gallstones?

crystals of insoluble minerals and salt that appear in the bile

What is appendicitis?

inflammation of the appendix

What is colon cancer?

common, high mortality rate; best defense: early detection and prompt treatment

What is diarrhea?

frequent watery bowel movements, when colonic mucosa is unable to maintain normal levels of absorption or the rate of fluid entry exceeds maximum reabsorptive capacity.

What is constipation?

infrequent defecation, when fecal material moves through colon so slowly that excessive water reabsorption occurs

What is glomerulonephritis?

inflammation of renal cortex that affects the filtration mechanism of the kidneys

What is renal failure?

- when the kidneys are unable to carry out excretory functions, urine production declines; person becomes hypertensive, anemia develops, CNS problems may lead to sleeplessness, seizures, delirium and even coma.

What is acute renal failure?

exposure to toxic drugs, renal ischemia, obstruction or trauma causes filtration to slow suddenly or stop altogether; reduced kidney function occurs over a few days and persists for weeks

What is chronic renal failure?

- kidney function deteriorates gradually, associated problems accumulate over time

What are diuretics?

- drugs that promote the loss of water in the urine; affect transport activities or water reabsorption along the nephron and collecting system

What are calculi?

Calculi, also known as kidney stones, are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys.

What is urinary obstruction?

blockage of urinary passage by a stone or by other factors

What is incontinence?

inability to control urination voluntarily

What are five metabolic components?

liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, neural tissue, and other peripheral tissues

liver -

the focal point for the metabolic regulation and control. Liver cells can breakdown or synthesize most carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. Contains significant energy reserves (glycogen deposits)

adipose tissue

- stores lipids, primarily in the form of triglycerides.

skeletal muscle -

contains substantial glycogen reserves, and the contractile proteins can be mobilized and the amino acids used as an energy source.

neural tissue -

does not contain energy reserves, depends on aerobic metabolism for energy production.

Other peripheral tissues

are able to metabolize glucose, fatty acids, or other substrates under the direction of the endocrine system.

What are inborn errors of metabolism?

inherited inability to produce specific enzymes involved with amino acid metabolism: ex.- phenylketonuria (PKU), albinism, lactose intolerance, TaySach’s disease, and hypercholesterolemia

What is obesity?

- 20% over ideal weight, serious health risks. Obese individuals take in more food energy than they are using.

What is hypervitaminosis?

when dietary intake exceeds the ability to store, utilize, or excrete a particular vitamin.

What is anorexia nervosa?

individual who is underweight and thinks that they are still too fat, refuse to eat normal amounts of food

What is bulimia?

- individual goes on an “eating binge”, the meal is then followed by induced vomiting, laxatives (promote movement of material through the digestive tract), diuretics (promote fluid loss in urine)

What is acclimatization?

(adjusting physiologically to an environment over time)

What is heat cramp?

characterized by profuse sweating, cardiovascular and thermoregulator mechanisms are intact

What is heat exhaustion?

there are unreplaced losses of salts and water, sweating, weakness, reduced blood pressure, rapid pulse, normal or slightly elevated temperature

What is heat stroke?

Sun stroke) - results from a breakdown in thermoregulation. Sweat glands cease to function and body temperature rises. The patient lapses into a coma; the skin is flushed, hot an dry

What is hypothermia?

below normal body temp