VTAH Review Exam 2

A study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea

Microbiology

Mostly compose of water and other components

cytoplasma

responsible for holding all of the components of the cytoplasm and acts as a protective barrier.

cell wall

consists of a double layer of phospholipids

cell membrane

it is in the cell membrane and it aid in the transport of nutrients across the cell membrane

structural proteins

Found within the cell wall and it is a structural polymer

peptidoglycan

a circular piece of double stranded DNA that is capable of replicating own its own and independent from the chromosome and it contains genes that encode antibiotic resistance

plasmids

It is antiphagocytic and is the outer most protective layer made up of polysaccharides produced by the bacteria which cannot be eaten by macrophages or neutrophils

capsule

Causes endotoxic shock and has generalized inflammation

LPS

surface appears smooth

lots of LPS

surface appears rough

little or no LPS

bacteria that can assume more than 1 shape depending on environmental conditions

pleomorphic

some bacteria have it and it helps the bacteria move

flagella

used to attach to colonize a surface and used for sexual reproduction

pili

tiny bristle-like structures distributed evenly over the either surface

fimbriae

the killing and removal of all microorganisms in a material or an object.

sterilization

methods used to sterilize

Heat, Radiation, and Sanication

boiling water

moist heat

oven/open flame

dry heat

use of water that is pressurized to achieve a higher boiling point

autoclave

penetrates slowly and used to sterilize metal and glassware objects

dry heat

2 types of radiation

non-ionizing radiation & ionizing radiation

uv light

non-ionizing radiation

kills microorganisms at wavelength of 200nm most effective

uv light

x-rays & radioactive

ionizing radiation

used to kill microorganisms and to sterilize plastic laboratory and medical equipment

x-rays & radioactive

use of ultrasonic vibration to remove microbes from the surface of instruments and to clean surgical or dental instruments

sonification

inanimate objects that can spread disease

fomites

exudative epidermis (greasy pig disease)

staphylococcus hyicus

in birds and rodents; pododermatitis or bumblefoot

staphylococcus aureus

mammary gland infection

mastitis

skin infection

pyoderma

staphylococcus

Gram-Positive Bacteria

it refers to staphylococcus aureus bacteria that has acquired resistance to not only methicillin, but multiple antibiotics.

MRSA

Sterptococcus

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Strangles; Severe Respiratory infection

Streptococcus equi subsp. equi

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

Severe respiratory disease called Necrotizing and hemorrhagic pneumonia in kenneled dogs

Mastitis 

Streptococcus agalactiae

Mastitis

Streptococcus uberis

Bronchopneumonia

Streptococcus suis

pyogenic infections; abscess forming, respiratory disease, fever

streptococcus

Corynebacterium

Gram-Positive Bacteria

pyogenic infections

corynebacterium

caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Pizzle rot or Sheath Rot

Corynebacterium renale

it enables the Corynebacterium to survive intracellularly as facultative intracellular pathogen. 

coryne-mycolic acids

Rhodococcus equi

Acid-Fast Bacteria

suppurative Bronchopneumonia of foals.

Rhodococcus equi

in rhodococcus equips cell wall contains ________ ______ rendering them resistant to most staining dyes.

Mycolic acid

Acid-fast staining procedures use __________ that will penetrate the cell wall.

carbolfuchsin

Actinomyces bovis

Gram-Positive Bacteria

lumpy jaw

Actinomyces bovis

grows on and acquires nourishment from dead or dying organic matter

saprophyte

Bacillus anthracis

Gram-Postive Bacteria

Bacillus cereus

Gram-Positive Bacteria

True or false: Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) is zoonotic

True

Bacillus bacteria are capable of forming ___________

endospores

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Gram-Postive bacteria

Chronic infections arthritis and abortion

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in pigs

Diamond skin

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in Turkeys

Swollen snood

Listeria monocytogenes

Gram-Postive Bacteria

food borne pathogen and can cause meningitis

Listeria monocytogenes

Consumption of listeria contaminated deli meat.

Listeriosis in Humans 

animals are effected by Listeria monocytogenes

sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, birds

Brucella

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Brucella abortus

Cattle

Brucella melitensis

sheep and goats

Brucella suis

pigs

Brucella ovis

sheep

Brucella canis

Dogs

True or false: Brucella is zoonotic

True

Malta fever - Humans

Brucella Melitensis

Abortion, Orchitis, and Arthritis - Pigs

Brucella suis

- Abortion, orchitis – Cattle
- Sporadic abortion – Sheep, Goats, and Pigs
- Intermittent fever, systemic disease -Humans

Brucella arbotus

Moraxella bovis

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye) Clinical signs: Swelling of the eyelids and surrounding tissues.

Moraxella bovis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Slobbers

 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (rabbits)

Severe ear infections

 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (dogs)

Mannheimia haemolytica, Actinobacillus lignieresii, & Pasteurella multocida

Gram-Negative Bacteria

In the Pasteurellaceae, the mucous membranes; upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal.

Commensals

Wooden Tongue

Actinobacillus lignieresii (Ruminants)

Respiratory Disease in Ruminants

Mannheimia haemolytica

Respiratory Disease in Rabbits

Pasteurella multocida

Bite abscess and Respiratory Disease in Dogs & Cats

Pasteurella multocida

Bordetella

Gram-Negative bacteria

Bordetella Brochiseptica

Pigs, Dogs, Kittens, Horses, Rabbits, Rodents

Bordetella avium

Birds, Turkey, Chickens

Mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract

Brodetella’s Commensal

Atrophic Rhinitis

Bordetella brochiseptica (Pigs)

Canine respiratory Disease

Bordetella brochiseptica (dogs - CIRD)

Upper respiratory tract infections

Bordetella brochiseptica (Rabbits)

Coryza

Bordetella brochiseptica (Turkeys & Chickens)

Yersinia

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Causes the bubonic plague

Yersinia pestis

True or False: Yersinia pestis is Zoonotic.

True

causes orchitis and epididymitis in rams

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

In Yersinia pestis there 2 forms; it is

Bubonic & Pneumonic

Proteus

Gram-Negative Bacteria