absolute monarchy test

James 1

(1603-1625), cousin to Queen Elizabeth, calvinist, absolute ruler, fought with puritans and parliament, known for the King James Bible

Charles 1

Fought with parliament bc he needed money to fight Spain/France, dissolved parliament several times, signed petition of right to get money but ignored it (petition was supposed to provide due cause, limited taxes, no quartering soldiers, limited martial law)

English civil war

1642-1649, Charles 1 army - royalists/cavaliers, parliament army - roundheads (led by Oliver Cromwell), parliament wins, Charles 1 executed, Oliver Cromwell becomes dictator

Oliver Cromwell

1649-1658

Puritan

Abolished monarchy -created military dictatorship

Invaded and devastated Ireland - 600,000 dead, gave land to English soldiers, intensified hatred between Irish, Catholics and English Protestants

Forced England to adopt puritan ideology - hard work, religious lifestyle, no entertainment, canceled Christmas

He himself did not follow strict guidelines

Dies naturally - monarchy restored

Irony- the person who replaced the harsh monarchy was worse

Charles 2

1660-1685

Son of Charles 1 - the restoration (monarchy)

Parliament gets him to provide habeas corpus

Angelican (Protestant) - converted to Catholicism on deathbed

James 2

1685-1688

Brother of Charles 2

Catholic

In parliament tories supported, whigs against - creates political parties

Dissolves parliament

People scared his son would begin a reign of catholic kings

William and Mary

1689-1702

Mary - protestant daughter of James 2

William - protestant prince of the Netherlands

The glorious/bloodless revolution - protestant and parliament asked William and married to overthrow James 2, took over England from James 2 without any violence, James 2 ran away

Agreed to establish a constitutional monarchy, limiting the king/queen

English political changes

Constitutional monarchy

Cabinet system - strengthens parliament

English bill of rights

Defeat of the Spanish armada

The English victory over the Spanish fleet sent to invade England

Divine right

The idea that monarchs are gods representatives on earth, therefore only answer to God’s

Absolute monarchy

A king or queen, who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society

Huguenots

Followers of John Calvin; French Protestants

Edict of Nantes

It’s revocation in 1685 by King Lewis XIV, ending the policy of religious tolerance for French protestants

Westernization of Russia

An adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western Europe

Cavaliers/royalists

The supporters of King 1 and his son Charles 2

Round heads

the supporters of the Parliament of England

Restoration (monarchy)

The period of Charles 2 rule over England after the fall of Oliver Cromwell’s government

Habeas Corpus- you shall have the body

A document requiring that a prisoner be brought before judge so that it can be decided whether there imprisonment is legal

Glorious Revolution

The bloodless overthrow of the English king James 2 and his replacement of William and Mary

English Bill of Rights

An act of Parliament, that limited power of monarchy, establishing that the crown did not have absolute authority he could not make or suspend laws without parliament consent

Cabinet system

A group of advisors are ministers, chosen by the head of the country to help make government decisions

Enlightenment

An 18th century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason in the scientific method

Enlightened absolutism (despotism)

A form of government in which absolute monarchs used enlightenment ideas, like reason, law, and education to strengthen their power and make reform