Industrial Revolution retake

Who were the Luddites?

they were the most famous group of terrorists/freedom fighters and they protested because they were driven out of business.

Who invented the steamboat?

Robert Fulton in 1807

What did utilitarians believe in?

Laws should bring the greatest good to the greatest number of people, the government should promote education, democracy, and free trade

What is the biggest difference between Adam Smith and the socialists?

Adam smith said the government should have no power which will make economy better but the socialists believed government should have complete control.

What was the last major nation to industrialize?

Russia

What is Romanticism?

art to make you feel emotion, they often focused on famous heroes, villains, great events, victories, and tragedies

What is realism?

An art type that revolves around ordinary events, normally made to draw attention to problems in society

Who was Lyell

A geologist who wrote the Principles of geology. His theory was the earth formed gradually over millions of years through natural processes (earth is constantly changing)

Who wrote Origin of Species?

Charles Darwin

What was eugenics?

the idea of selective humans breeding. Only letting the good/smart people make babies to get ride of the bad people

Define Bourgeoise

factory owning capitalists (wealthy)

Define Proletariat

factory workers (the poor)

Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Summarize the main beliefs of the Communists.

History is shaped by class, struggle between the rich and poor. They argued that capitalism exploits workers and creates inequality. They decided to over throw capitalism.

What was the communists belief about nations?

People should be identified by their class rather than countries and they want to abolish countries

What type of art is Ragged Dick an example of?

a melodrama because extreme events make you feel something. When Mick is beating up Dick and when dick saves drowning children this is shown

What type of art is Maggie an example of?

realism

What things happened to the characters in Maggie that wouldn’t have happened to characters in a Melodrama?

The characters face harsh realities of poverty and abuse. Maggie is abused by her family and eventually pushed into a life of prostitution, and there is no guaranteed happy ending

Would Maggie like the book “Ragged Dick”?

no because ragged dick ended in a somewhat happy ending and maggie had a very sad ending.

What do the blood and iron in Bismarck’s statement refer to?

The blood refers to warfare and the iron refers to if you want to win the war you have to have factories.

What theory did the Origin of Species propose?

The theory that species change due to natural selection

Who was Galton?

darwins cousin and he developed the theory of eugenics

what is a Melodrama?

Type of story that is overly emotional or dramatic, includes heroes and villains and usually had a happy ending

Who was herder?

a German philosopher who believed that nations should unite based on shared language and culture.

what was the flaw in Herders pacifist vision of nationalism?

he didn’t consider the minorities inside borders, and so the minorities within borders could get treated poorly

What was the first country to give women the right to vote?

New Zealand

who was emmeline pankhurst?

She founded the Women’s Social and Political Union in England and fought for women’s right to vote

who were the suffragettes?

Women who fought for the right to vote using protests and stunts

make sure you know how to draw a graph and describe malthus’ 4 stages of population growth

why did the czar say it was a good idea to free the serfs?

He thought freeing Serfs was safer than waiting for a possible revolt/revolution

who are the nihilists?

people who don't respect authority or principles and question everything

describe bazarov

he is a nihilist and medical student. He rejected authority, principles, critical of society, and think most people and traditions are pointless..

who was marie curie

A scientist who helped discover radioactivity and discovered radium and polonium

who was louis pasteur

A scientist who developed germ theory, realizing that bacteria caused diseases. He also created vaccines for anthrax and rabies and invented pasteurization to make food safe

what were Einsteins most famous ideas

E=mc², theory of relativity, twin paradox, speed of light is the fastest thing, and the faster you go, the slower time passes for you.

describe Pavlovs famous experiments

It involved dogs and digestion. He rang a dinner bell before feeding the dogs, and over time, the dogs learned to salivated just at the bell even without food, showing they can be condition to respond to a stimulus

what theory did Pavlov develop

classical condition

what were some of Freuds theories?

Psychoanalysis (talking therapy), Oedipus Complex (a child unknowingly prefers the opposite-sex parent and feels jealous of same-sex parent), and subconscious influence (affects your thoughts and actions without realizing)

who was rutherford?

A scientist who developed the model of the atom with a central nucleus, and discovered radioactive decay