11.19 English Settlement in the New World

Settlement in the New World is where the

British empire starts

They start exploring, then settling, just like the

Vikings

The three drivers of exploration

God, gold, glory

God

converting people and looking for a second front against the Ottoman Empire

gold

a search for markets and gold/silver

glory

a desire to be remembered that’s new to the Early Modern period and didn’t exist in the Middle Ages

they have a sophisticated idea of what’s in the world, based on the

Catalan Atlas, 1375

Martellus Map, 1489

England needs to get involved in exploration because

Spain and Portugal are ahead

Isabella and Ferdinand, first monarchs of Spain,

sponsor Columbus

the first European to go to the New World

Leif Erikson

1494 Treaty of Tordesillas

Spain and Portugal divide the globe for exploration, causing other countries to jump to get involved

Sir Francis Drake, c. 1540-96

explores for the English, first Englishman to circumnavigate the world from 1577-80, opening the world up for England

There’s a fear in Protestants that

Catholics will take over

Sir Walter Raleigh

most important for exploration during James’s period. Promotes and funds first settlement and popularizes tobacco

first attempt, NOT the first settlement

Roanoke Island, 1585

Virgina Dare

the first English child born in the Americas, 1587

First Charter of Virginia

Jamestown, first successful settlement

crony capitalism

part of Jamestown. entering joint stock companies and getting money/protections from the king

Chater of 1606

it’s fine because the land isn’t owned by a Christian prince/people. they have all the same rights and citizenship as those in England, making it a colony

Smith is taken captive during this and is saved by Pocahantas, who marries John Rolfe

First Anglo-Powhatan War

Jamestown settlers, Virginia and Southern colonies, are all

Anglican

New England is made up of

Puritans

Puritans vs. Pilgrims

all pilgrims are Puritans, not all puritans are pilgrims

pilgrims

puritans who first went to the Netherlands to escape James

Mayflower Compact, Nov. 1620

theocracy, a state run by God. Pilgrim government. Lacks a royal charter - how to govern. Still acknowledging obediance to James

Plymouth Colony, 1621 almost starves and is saved by

Squanto, who learned English as a slave but was freed by Franciscan monks and joins the Wampanogs

Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630

Puritan. Arbella Covenant by John Winthrop on the stakes of sinning/failure - city upon a hill, new israelites