EXTERNAL RESISTANCE IN SA 1980'S PART 1

When did Botha introduce the Total Onslaught-Total strategy

And what are these

1978: Policy of 'Total Onslaught - Total Strategy'(under PW Botha)​

-Onslaught-Botha claiming that communist powers were trying to seize power, so used the Apartheid system to defend SA (used CW propaganda)

-Strategy-Cosmetic Reforms that ended up bringing more repression ( Censorship, State of Emergency and Tri-Cameral)

Did Apartheid collapse even though there was a huge amount of internal pressure

Despite huge internal pressure, Apartheid did not collapse​

Added external pressure created a climate for change.​

External pressure included:​ (4)

Anti-apartheid movements​

Sanctions & boycotts​

ANC in exile​

Frontline states (African neighbours )

When did awareness of Apartheid make waves worldwide

Increased awareness of apartheid afterSharpville (1960) & Soweto (1976) uprisings​

Who mainly criticized and what happened?

-Demonstrations

-Isolation

-Organizations

-What type of support and from who

Criticisms from western governments and UN ​

Protest demonstrations​

Calls for sporting and cultural isolation of SA​

Anti-Apartheid organisations established​

-Financial support for ANC from some European governments​

Sweden​

Netherlands ​

When and where was the Anti-Apartheid movement formed

Who formed it in I________

Formed in June 1959 in London

Kader Asmal in Ireland in 1964

What was the Aim of AAM

To end Apartheid by means of boycotts, sanctions,disinvestments and isolation of SA from theinternational community​

Who supported AAM and who did they support

They were supported by SA exiles, Trade unions, and Father Trevor Huddleston​( English Anglican bishop)

AAM supported liberation movements like the ANC​

Who isolated SA internationally and what kind of effect did this have on the regime

Both British and Irish AAM isolated South Africa internationally

this had a negative impact on the Apartheid regime​

What was the aim of the sports boycott that AAM established? Who was barred internationally

-Aimed to dismantle apartheid and end segregation in sports in SA

-SA teams barred from international competitions.

What did Peter Hain do in the 1970s

-In the 1970s Peter Hain organised the "stop the seventy tour" against SA rugby and cricket teams in Britain.

What three things did they do to boycott against SA sports

invade the rugby pitch

shut hotel doors housing SA players

held torchlight procession

What agreement did Common wealth countries adopt in 1977 and what did it entail

Gleneagles agreement in 1977 which called on all members to cut all sporting links with South Africa.

What did South African Council on Sports (SACOS) insist on

="No normal sport in an abnormal society"

-insisted that the sports boycotts should be in place until apartheid was dismantled.

What happened in New Zealand 1981

a massive protest was staged against the racists springbok in New Zealand.

True or False for the following statements

-Most of the matches were abandoned

-By the late 1980s, South Africa was banned from 60% of world sport

-Official teams were touring SA until the end of Apartheid

True

False,90%

False, No official

What did The British Actors' Union and Equity, forbid?

the use of television programmes in SA involving its members.

What else happened during this boycott

-Films

-TV Programmmes

-Who pledged and what did they pledge for

-What happened in 1980

-What happened in 1985

-SABC

-British films were banned in South Africa

-TV programmes from Britain and Ireland were no longer sold to SA

-International artists also pledged not to work in SA

-By 1980, renowned artists would not tour SA

-In 1985, Artists refused to perform in SA including at Suncity.

-SABC had limited programmes in the

What did -Dali Tambo and Jerry Dammers form

-What's it called

-When

-What was it

-Who addressed the crowd

"Artists against Apartheid" They held a festival in London in 1986 with an audience of 250 000. Speakers from ANC, SWAPO and AAM addressed the crowd.

What were the results of the cultural boycott

-The cultural boycott made SA isolated

-lot of people in SA to put pressure on the regime to change its policies

•1983: The Tri-cameral Parliament - white supremacy returned and racial discrimination was clear.

- What was the aim of Academic boycotts

•Academic boycotts were meant to end racial discrimination and its extension in higher education

What did people refuse to do

- International Scholars

-Publishers

-Overseas instituons

-SA scholars

•Scholars refused to travel to SA or collaborate with South African Scholars.

•Publishers refused to publish South Africans manuscripts

•Overseas institution refused to recognise south African degrees

•South African scholars and academics were isolated from the broader academic world

Did international conferences bar South Africans

yes

AAM also introduced the consumer boycott

- What did Britain refuse to buy

-What was the negative impact of this boycott

-Britons refused to buy goods from South Africa like wine, wool and fruits.

-This had a negative impact on Farmers who depended on exports for their survival.