Book Notes Urinary System

What are the functions of the urinary system?

The urinary system regulates water and electrolyte balance, removes waste products from the bloodstream, and conducts urine from the kidneys to the bladder for excretion. Activates vitamin D and helps regulate blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system.

What happens during filtration at the glomerulus or glomerular capillaries?

Large volume of fluid, including wastesand electrolytes, is filtered from the blood into the Bowman's capsule, forming the first step in urine production.

The tubule consists of what 3 parts?

Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule

What happens at the Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule?

These structures are involved in the reabsorption of water, electrolytes, and nutrients, as well as the secretion of waste products, aiding in urine formation.

Where is most of the water reabsorbed in to the blood in the peritubular capillaries?

Most of the water is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule, which plays a critical role in reclaiming water along with essential nutrients and electrolytes.

What type of transport mechanism reabsorbs nutrients and electrolytes which requires carrier molecules and energy source?

Active transport mechanisms are utilized to reabsorb nutrients and electrolytes in the nephron.

What hormone controls the reabsorption of wter by altering the permeability of the distal convuluted tubule and collecting duct?

Antidiuretic Hormone from the posterior pituitary gland regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.

What hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex, that controls sodium reabsorption and water by exchanging sodium ions for potassium or hydrogen ions i the distal convuluted tubule?

Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and regulates sodium reabsorption, influencing water retention by promoting the exchange of sodium ions for potassium or hydrogen ions in the distal convoluted tubule.

What hormone from the heart is the third hormone controlling fluid balance by reducing sodium and fluid reabsorption in the kidneys.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is secreted by the heart and helps reduce sodium and fluid reabsorption in the kidneys, promoting diuresis.

The organization of what in the kidney is complex and must be maintained for effective renal function?

Nephrons