Week 9 - Bipolar Disorders

Bipolar I

Usually major depressive episodes and always full manic episodes

Bipolar II

Major depressive episodes, hypomanic episodes, never a manic episode

hypomanic

A ______ episode is characterized by:

• min duration of 4 days

• change in functioning, not severe enough for social or occupational impairment

• no psychotic features

II

Does bipolar I or II have greater chronicity, longer depressive periods, and more seasonal variation 

Cyclothymic disorder

Chronic (min 2yrs) alteration of mood elevation and depression that does not meet severity of manic or major depressive episodes

rapid-cycling specifier

Unique to bipolar I and II: at least 4 depressive/manic episodes in a year

40

Bipolar disorders often begin in late teens-early 20s, and are rare to develop over __

similar 

Bipolar disorders in children and teens are fundamentally _______ to adults 

proband

the person with the disorder is called the _____

biological

_______ dimensions of mood disorders:

• family and genetics

• joint heritability of anxiety and depression

• neurotransmitter systems

• the endocrine system

• sleep and circadian rhythms

REM sleep 

More intense ___ _____ is a key feature in mood disorders but we don’t know the direction of the relationship 

REM sleep

___ ______ is important for mental wellbeing

psychological

______ dimensions of mood disorders:

• stressful life events

• learned helplessness

• negative cognitive styles

learned helplessness

Lack of control, depressive attributional style 

internal, stable, global

What are the three process of depressive attributional style 

selves, immediate world, future

What are the three process of depressive cognitive triad

social and cultural

____ and _____ dimensions:

• marital dysfunctions

• mood disorders in wormen

  • uncontrollable life

  • value of social relationships

  • rumination

  • poverty and abuse

• Social support

individual, relational, community, and social 

What are the four categories of risk and protective factors in suicide 

Individual

• _______ factors

  • Just in the person, problem social skills, resilience, internal protective factors, etc

  • Mental illness, substances, etc

Relational

• ______ factors

  • Friends, family, what are they like? Can they support you?

  • Isolation, adverse childhood experiences, family history of mental illness, etc.

Community

•  _______ factors

  • Are resources available? Trauma informed care?

  • Spirituality (both) can help discourage suicide through fear,

  • Suicide often clusters within small groups -> suicide near you can increase risk near you

  • Cultural beliefs that encourage suicide, important to acknowledge

Social

• _____ factors

  • The society in which you live

  • Policies, procedures, etc where you live

  • Poverty, political uncertainty

  • Most difficult to treat because it is so widespread

problem-solving CBT, coping based interventions, stress reduction techniques, improved social safety nets

Four long-term treatments for suicide