Sheep, goat, swine, and poultry nutrition

Both are ruminants, but sheep and cows are more similar than goats

Sheep- grazers

Goats- browsers (smaller, more fibrous plants)

What's the main difference betwee sheep and goats in terms of anatomy and the type of plants they prefer

1-4% of BW DMI per day

Forage should be main part of diet

What is the typical dry matter intake of a sheep or goat

Graze shorter than cows

Can be used with cattle to reduce pasture length

What are some grazing differences between sheep and cattle

Forage should be main component

Tend to be more capable of eating large amounts of concentrates

Can handle ensiled forages like silage and baleage

SENSITIVE TO COPPER INTAKE

What are some considerations with forming a sheep diet

Copper

Normal range is 4-8 parts per million

Any total diet over 15 ppm can be toxic

What is the most common toxicity with sheep nutrition

Browsers- eat higher fiber things and less concentrates

Females tolerate grain well. Males not recommended- urolithiasis

Maintain 2:1 Ca:p ratio

Forage-based diet. Mainly grass hay. Legume hay okay for females, especially when lactating

Offer balanced mineral product safe for goats

What are some considerations with forming a goat diet

No grain needed most of time for either male or female

Offer healthy treats sparingly

Offer plenty of hay (1-2% BW per day)

Monitor groups. Establish consistent feeding schedule

What are some considerations for pet goat diet formulation

Grain is used more commonly

Can be fed hay. Not commonly using ensiled forages

Offer mineral product with good Ca:P and has vitamins and trace minerals

Goat diet considerations for commercial/breeding operations

Reduces pH in urine through metabolic acidosis to help dissolve certain urinary stones

Cannot feed consistently or the body will get used to it

Why is Ammonium Chloride given to goats

Monogastrics

Spiral colon

Omnivores

Must have lysine and methionine in diet

What are some unique considerations of the swine GI system

Fed mostly grain diets (corn, soybeans, other by-products)

Fed based on age or weight

Nursing- up to 3-4 weeks: mostly milk

Weans- up to 50-60 lbs: grain

Grower/finisher- up to 300 lbs, 6-8 months of age: grain ad libidum

Maintain around 1-2% BW DMI per day

What is the composition of most commercial swine diets

Maintain 1-2% BW DMI per day

Sows: 4-8 lbs feed per day in gestation

Boars: 5-9 lbs feed per day

What is the proper intake for boars and sows used for breeding

3

What is the ideal BCS for a pig

Can use commercial pig diets- but often overfed once mature

Mature pigs need ~1 cup of feed once or twice a day

Free access to leafy green vegetables

Avoid sugary fruits and vegetables in excess

What are some dietary considerations for pet pigs

Feed based on age and production. Usually start high protein and lower over time. Chick starter, grower, layer, maintenance feed, broilers

Layers have high calcium requirements. 0.25 lb/day DMI

Require grit for mechanical breakdown of feed in the gizzard

Omnivorous- love insects like mealworms

Require lysine and methionine in diet

Scratch (larger pieces) can serve as enrichment or treats

What are some important considerations for poultry diets

Pseudoruminants- C1, C2, C3 stomach compartments

Foregut fermenters- require high fiber

Hard to judge BCS due to thick or voluminous fiber coats

What are some important anatomical considerations of camelids in regards to nutrition

Forage must be available at all times. Scarce forage can lead to trichobezoars (hair balls)

Hay or pasture intake 2-3% BW per day

Offer a balanced mineral in addition to hay/pastures

Require vitamin D at high frequencies

Grain mixes available if needed

What are some important dietary considerations for camelids

Lactating females

Underconditioned animals (but watch out for refeeding syndrome)

Growing animals (16-18% CP needed)

What are some reasons grain mixes may be used for camelids

Coddling of baby camelids leads to aggressive behavior in adulthood

Try to keep baby with a mom, even if it's not their own mom

What is biserk