Island Biogeography

Founder effect

reduced genetic diversity when a small group colonizes a new area

relict endemic

had a larger range

equilibrium theory of island biogeography

theory that imigration and extinction are inversely related in islands

species turnover

species being replaced in niche

rescue effect

island population doesnt go extinct due to influx of immigrants from mainland

target area effect

big islands have more immigrants

small island effect

base level of species richness regardless of how small a island is

The general dynamic model

changes in island over time like formation, colonization, then slipping back under the water forever

ecological release

things that move to islands get a break from mainland problems like competition, predators, etc.

Island rule

dispersal ability lost, species invert in size

Theory of taxon cycles

initial expansion due to competition, ecological and evolutionary specialization, initial contraction, single island endemics