Parts of a cell/life cycle of a cell

Nucleus

control center

Endoplasmic Reticulum

synthesizes protein and ships it around the cell

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Has ribosomes on the surface

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

lipid synthesis

Mitochondria

converts food into ATP

Golgi apparatus

transports materials around the cell in sacs called vescicles

lysosomes

break down waste

vacuoles

store nutrients and water

cell membrane

regulates what enters and leaves the cell (selectively permable)

cytoplasm

area between the nucleus and the membrane

ribosomes

make protein

cytoskeleton

microfilaments and microtubules for cell shape and support

nucleolus

responsible for production of ribosomes

diffusion

molecules moving from high concentration to low concentration

passive transport

requires no energy; diffusion

facilitated diffusion

uses proteins as passageways for larger molecules

osmosis

diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane

isotonic

equal concentration of solutes outside of the cell and inside the cell

hypertonic

higher concentration of solutes outside of the cell than inside

hypotonic

higher concentration of solutes inside the cell than outside the cell

active transport

requires energy; moves molecules from low concentration to high concentration to creat a balance.

endocytosis

things enter the cell

exocytosis

things exit the cell

interphase

growth phase

mitosis

nuclear divison

cytokinesis

cell splits into two daughter cells

prophase

chromosomes visible; nuclear envelope breaks down; spindle forms

metaphase

chromosomes line up on the equator

anaphase

chromatids seperate and move to opposite poles

telophase

chromosomes dissapear; nuclear membrane reforms; spindle gone; centrioles duplicate

apoptosis

programmed cell death; prevents cancer risk

HeLa cells

cancer cells that are immortal because they have divided so many times