ABEN:AGRICULTURAL POWER AND ENERGY/FARM MACHINERY AND MECHANIZATION (copy)

Animal and Human power

Still considered the major sources of power in the farm

human power

Poor source of power

0.10 hp

how many hp can human being produce

man

they are best suited to farm operations requiring judgement rather than just manual labor

0.7-1.3

horse power draft animals can develop

James watt

he determine the power performance of steam engines

366

how much coal can horse lift

animal power

Work is mostly confined to pulling operations such as plowing, harrowing, cultivating and transport.

9-10

performance efficinecy of bovine

10-12

performance efficinecy of horse

10%

draft animal force is approximately____of the body weight

horse

draft animal that has highest output

8-10

how many hours horse can work

5-8

how many hours can adult oxen work

electric motors

provide stationary power for various agricultural operations.

electromechanical device

used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy

solar energy

used mainly for drying and heating

thermal and photovoltaic

2 classification of solar energy application

wind pump

a machine that convert the kinetic energy of the wind to mechanical power for pumping water.

wind turbine

machine that converts the wind kinetic energy into electrical energy using a fast rotating rotor.

hydropower

movement of masses of water is a form of kinetic energy which can be converted into mechanical energy through the use of water wheels or water turbines.

falling/flowing of streams and rise and fall of tides

two types of water masses movement can be used in hydropower

biomass

refers to all organic materials that originate from living organisms

thermochemical and biochemical

two types of biomass coversion process

engines

mechanical devices that convert heat energy of fuels into mechanical energy

external combustion engine

fuel is ignited and burned outside a cylinder and the heat energy is applied indirectly to a piston by an intermediate medium, usually water vapor.

internal combustion engine

fuel is ignited and burned inside cylinder and the resulting explosion cause an instantaneous application of pressure a piston.

internal combustion engine

Most farm works are accomplished by machine is powered by

internal combustion engine

fuel is combusted inside a cylinder.

external combustion engine

fuel is combusted outside of the engine system.

electric ignition engine

utilizes an electric spark produced by a spark plug located inside the combustion chamber to ignite the compressed air and fuel mixture

otto cycle engine

other term for electric ignition engine

compression ignition engine

utilizes the heat of compressed air to ignite the fuel as it is being injected inside the combustion chamber.

diesel cycle engine

other name for compression ignition engine

two stroke cycle engine

completes the cycle in 1 revolution of the crankshaft or two piston strokes.

four stroke cycle engine

completes the cycle in 2 revolutions of the crankshaft or four piston strokes.

C8H18

representation of octane gasoline

C16H34

representation of cetane

gasoline,diesel,alkanes

3 types of fuels

agricultural machinery

General term used to describe tractors, implements, hines and any other devices more sophisticated than hand-tools which are animal or mechanically powered.

agricultural equipment

Stationary mechanical devices e.g. irrigation pumps, threshers, grinders

mechanize

to use machines to accomplish task or operations

agricultural mechanization

Use of any machine to accomplish a task or operation involved in agricultural production

human,animal and mechanical enginee

the combination of 3 main sources of power are

farm mechanization

reduction of man-hours required in doing the different farming operations in growing a certain crop.

agricultural tractors

machines designed primarily to supply power to agricultural implements and farmstead equipment

agricultural tractors

it propels itself and provide a force to the direction of travel

agricultural implement

designed to perform agricultural operations

towed,mounted,semi mounted

3 classification of implemennts

tillage equipment

includes plow and harrow used to prepare the land to make it ready for seeding and planting operation

crop establishment equipment

equipment used to place seeds or plant parts into the prepared seedbed and subsequently fertilize them.

crop protection equipment

includes cultivating, weeding, spraying, dusting, as well as irrigation equipment aim to make sure that the crop grows to produce its potential yield.

harvesting and threshing equipment

equipment used to gather and separate the produced from the panicles and make it ready for primary processing operation.

drying equipment

equipment use to reduce the moisture of the product to a level that it can be stored with minimum loss from spoilage.

milling equipment

equipment that is used to separate the edible part of the grain to its husk, pulp, cob, or pod.

storage equipment

equipment used to keep the product safe from deterioration or spoilage for prolong period of storage.

between 57 and 59

average age of filipino farmers

1.23 hp

mechanization level in the philippines

1.29 ha

Average land holdings of farmers in the Philippines

3.95 tons

Average yield of rice