Physics Chapter 8

Electron

A subatomic particle with a negative charge.

Proton

A subatomic particle with a positive charge.

Neutron

A subatomic particle with no charge (neutral).

The SI unit of electric charge.

Coulombs (C)

Elementary charge (e)

The smallest unit of charge, approximately equal to 1.602 x 10^-19 coulombs.

Symbol or letter for electric charge

The symbol for electric charge is often represented as 'Q' or 'q'.

Law of Conservation of Charge

Electric charge cannot be created or destroyed.

Types of electric charge

There are two kinds of electric charge: positive and negative.

What is Electric force

The force that causes electric charges to attract or repel each other.

How do Certain charges interact

Like charges repel each other; opposite charges attract each other.

Best electrical conductor

Silver Copper and Gold

3 ways to remove charge

Charge can be removed by conduction, induction, or grounding.

Lightning rod

A device invented by Benjamin Franklin that protects structures from lightning by directing the charge into the ground.

Coulomb's Law

A formula describing the force between two charges,

What is K in coulombs law

Coulombs constant

What are q1 and q2 in Coulombs Law and there SI unit

q1 and q2 are the charges. C coulombs is SI unit.

What is r in Coulombs Law

r is the distance between the charges (q1 and q2).

Voltage and the SI units

The pressure from an electrical circuit's power source that pushes electric current measured in volts (V).

Current and Si units

The flow of electric charge; measured in amperes (A).

Resistance and Si units

The opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms (Ω).

Ohm's Law

The relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R), expressed as V = I/R.

What does I mean

Current

Joule's Law

Power (P) is equal to the current (I) times the voltage (V), expressed as P = V * I.

SI Unit of Power

The unit of power is the watt (W)

Series circuit

A circuit in which components are connected in a single path, so the current flows through each one.

Parallel circuit

A circuit in which components are connected across common points, allowing multiple paths for current.

Advantages of series wiring

Simple layout; same current through all components.

Disadvantages of series wiring

If one component fails, the entire circuit is interrupted. The more bulbs the more dim they are.

Advantages of parallel wiring

If one component fails, the others remain functional; adding bulbs does not dim the lights

Disadvantages of parallel wiring

More complex design; if too many bulbs are being used in can cause a circuit overload and cause a fire.

Newton's Law

Refers to Newton's laws of motion, which describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it.