Types of Fallacies

Scare Tactics

exaggerating consequences to create fear and threats

Either-or-Choices

when someone simplifies and argument or when someone claims there are only two possible options or sides in an argument when there are actually more

Over Sentimental Appeals

Arguments designed to appeal to (often irrational) feelings in order to override or circumvent logical judgment or facts.

Slippery Slop

a course of action is rejected because, with little or no evidence, one insists that it will lead to a chain reaction resulting in an undesirable end or end

Bandwagon Appeals

appeal to common belief or appeal to the masses because it's all about getting people to do or think something because “everyone else is doing it” or “everything else thinks this.

Appeals to False Authority

plays on people's feelings of respect or familiarity towards a famous person to bypass critical thinking

Dogmatism

the expression of an opinion or belief as if it were a fact

Ad Hominem Arguments

directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.

Stacking the Deck

to arrange a situation unfairly against someone, or in your own favour

Hasty Generalization

an informal fallacy of faulty generalization, which involves reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence

Faulty Causality

Equivocation

Drawing the conclusion that when two events happen close together one has caused the other.

Non Sequitur

a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.

Straw Man

creating a claim against an argument that doesn’t exist

Red Herring

something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important question

Faulty Analogy

the assumption that if two things are alike in one regard, they must be alike in other ways.

Begging the Question

assuming the conclusion is an informal fallacy that occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion