1st Quarterly Exam - Bio II

CLGSB

autograft

skin graft from a person's own body

allograft

skin graft from another person or a cadaver

xenograft

skin graft from another species

skin substitutes

engineered products that aid in the temporary or permanent closure of different types of wounds

Grade 1 Wound

Superficial - Epidermis only

Grade 2 Wound

Partial thickness - Epidermis & Dermis

Grade 3 Wound

Full thickness wound- Epidermis, Dermis, & Subcutaneous

1st degree burn

Superficial partial thickness - Epidermis only

2nd degree burn

Deep partial thickness - Epidermis & Dermis

3rd degree burn

Full thickness burn - Epidermis, Dermis, & Subcutaneous

Metastatic Cancer or Metastesize

Cancer has spread to other regions of the body

Asymmetry

A - in acronym for skin cancer recognition

Border irregularity

B - in acronym for skin cancer recognition

Color uneven

C - in acronym for skin cancer recognition

Diameter > 6mm

D - in acronym for skin cancer recognition

Evolving < 6 weeks

E - in acronym for skin cancer recognition

Macerated

Wound edge classification that is white & jagged

Epibole

Wound edge classification that is rounded, or rolled under

Calloused

Wound edge classification that is hardened

Blue - Periwound area

Could be an indication of trauma/bruising or decreased blood flow

White - Periwound area

Color surrounding a wound that could be an indication of excessive moisture

Red - Periwound area

Color surrounding a wound that could be an indication of trauma or infection

Brown/Yellow - Periwound area

Color surrounding a wound that could be an indication infection

Black - Periwound area

Color surrounding a wound that could be an indication of dead or necrotic tissue

Cool - Periwound temperature

Temperature surrounding a wound, when compared with an uninjured area, that would indicate possible decreased blood flow to the area

Warm - Periwound temperature

Temperature surrounding a wound, when compared with an uninjured area, that would indicate possible infection to the area

Apocrine glands

Sweat glands are made of what type of glandular epithelium?

Holocrine glands

Sebaceous glands are made of what type of glandular epithelium?

Protective Covering

_ covering - Job of the integumentary system

Prevent water loss from deep tissue

Prevent loss from _ tissue - Job of the integumentary system

Regulate body temperature

Regulate _ ___ - Job of the integumentary system

House sensory receptors

Houses ___ receptors - Job of the integumentary system

Biochemical synthesis

Biochemical __ - Job of the integumentary system

Some waste excretion

Some waste __ - Job of the integumentary system

The skin

The primary organ of the integumentary system

Hair, nails, sensory receptors, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

Accessory structures of the integumentary system (5 of them)

Epidermis

outermost layer of skin

Dermis

middle layer of skin, active layer housing a variety of smooth muscle, connective tissue, nervous, and small vascular tissues

Hypodermis

innermost (deep) layer of the skin, containing adipose tissue and larger blood vessels

basement membrane

Active connective tissue layer of cells that attach the epidermis to the dermis

stratum basale

deepest epidermal layer made of a single row of cells that undergo rapid cell division and where melanocytes are found

stratum spinosum

2nd deepest layer of epidermis, with a spiny, or thorn-like appearance as microtubules shorten and condense

stratum granulosum

3rd layer of the epidermis, where the nucleus begins to break down and keratin begins to fill the cell giving the cells a granular appearance

stratum lucidum

Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum, only found in hairless skin

stratum corneum

outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells where the plasma membranes open up and tuck between adjacent cells

keratinization

The process that hardens epithelial cells by filling them in with a protein fiber. Also the process that forms hair, nails, and calluses.

melanin

The pigment that gives the skin its color and protects the skin from harmful UV radiation

Increased blood flow to the skin

The reason skin becomes flush red when you begin to exercise

cyanosis

a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood reaching the skin. Especially when you are standing out in the cold!

Orange

A diet high in yellow veges, and the vitamin B-carotene, might turn your skin this color

Yellow

Jaundice, a build up of too much bilirubin in the blood, may cause the skin to appear this color

Motor

Sweat glands begin to secrete sweat - Sensory or Motor?

Motor

Hair length increases when muscles in the hair follicle contract - Sensory or Motor?

Sensory

Information noting a rise in core temperature - Sensory or Motor?

Motor

Sebaceous glands produce more oil to protect dry skin - Sensory or Motor?

Sensory

Information noting pain when tissues are damaged - Sensory or Motor?

Hypothalamus

structure of the brain that processes a variety of sensory information, especially when core temperatures are too hot or too cold

Vasodilate

The first thing to happen when core temperature goes up. Blood vessels .

are active (stimulated)

The second thing to happen when core temperature goes up. Sweat glands .

Cooled

The third thing to happen (the desired final goal) when core temperature goes up. The skin is .

Vasoconstrict

The first thing to happen when core temperature goes down. Blood vessels .

are inactive (stop secreting sweat)

The second thing to happen when core temperature goes down. Sweat glands .

shiver

The third thing to happen when core temperature goes down. The muscles .

Vasodilation

In the 4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation: Redness occurs due to (1 reason).

Increased metabolic activity & Blood accumulation

In the 4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation: Heat occurs due to & __ (2 reasons).

Increased blood vessel permeability

In the 4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation: Swelling occurs due to (1 reason).

Tissue/Nerve damage & Pressure from edema

In the 4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation: Pain occurs due to & __ (2 reasons).

4.5%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Anterior Arm assigned?

4.5%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Posterior Arm assigned?

4.5%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Anterior Head assigned?

4.5%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Posterior Head assigned?

1%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Genitalia assigned?

9%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Anterior Leg assigned?

9%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Posterior Leg assigned?

9%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Posterior Lower Torso assigned?

9%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Posterior Upper Torso assigned?

9%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Anterior Lower Torso assigned?

9%

When determining Burn % Calculations, what percentage is the Anterior Upper Torso assigned?

Electrons transfer creating +/- charged ions

How are ionic bonds formed?

Metal ions with nonmental ions

What types of elements form ionic bonds?

Electrons are shared and molecules form

How are covalent bonds formed?

Nonmetals with nonmetals

What type of elements form covalent bonds?

Release hydrogen ions, H+ (or protons)

What do acids give off when dissolved in water?

Hydroxide ions, OH-

What do bases give off when dissolved in water?

Acids

High H+

Bases

Low H+, high OH^-

Buffers

Weak acids/bases that react with the opposite to prevent sudden change in pH

Acids

0-7 on the pH scale

Bases

7-14 on the pH scale

Neutral

7 on pH scale

Glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acids

What are the building blocks (or individual subunits) that make up the monomer of lipids?

C, H, O, P

Lipids

5 Carbon Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

What are the building blocks (or individual subunits) that make up the monomer of nucleic acids?

C,H, O, N, P

Nucleic Acid

DNA and RNA

What are the basic uses in the body for nucleic acids?

C, H, O, N, S

Proteins

Amino group (NH2), Carboxyl Group (COOH), R-Group (Unique Identifier)

What are the building blocks (or individual subunits) that make up the monomer for proteins?

Chemical reactions, molecule transport, fight diseases

What are the basic uses in the body for proteins?

Water/H2O

What is being moved in Osmosis?

Substances that cannot pass (glucose)

What is being moved in Facilitated Diffusion?