Chapter 9 mechanisms and characteristics of musculosketetal nerve and trauma

trauma

physical would, form external or internal force

deformation/ change to tissue

Tissue properties

LOAD- external force and internal reaction ( bar on back)

stiffness- resist load; grater load + greater stiffness

stress- internal resistence of load

strain- internal chage in tissue; length (deformation)

visoelastic

Ways tendons and ligaments get injured

irratablity, conductivity, elasticity

Muscular strain

strech, tear, rip to muscle or adjacent tissue; obsure; from minute sep to complete avulsion/ rupture

Grade 1 muscle strain

strong and painful

some fibers stretched or torn; tenderness and pain on active ROM

movement painful but full range at rest

Grade 2 muscle strain

weak and painful

numerous fibers torn and active contraction painful; depression/ divot swelling and discorlation

waek and painful movements

Grade 3 muscle strain

weak and min to no pain

comp rupture of musclutendious junc; great pain bc of nerve damage might have none

no pain and no strength

healing time for a strain

6-8 wks

Muscle guarding

response 2 pain after an injury to a muscle, the area contracts to minimize pain

invol muscle contraction

muscle spasm

reflexx caused by trauma

clonic- alternating invol muscle contractions and relaxtions in quick sucession

tonic ridgid contraction last a period of time

Muscle soreness

over extertion following unusual activity

Muscle soreness types

acute onset- fatigue following immedtealty after exercise

delay-onset (DOMS)- 24-48 hrs and leaves after 3-4 days; light microtrauma to muscle

Common results from a tendon with reapeated stress

mirotrauma and elongation from fibroblast influx and collagen production

can turn into chronic muscle strain from reab of collagen fibers

more prone to injury if reab of colagen occurs early

tendonitts

gradual onset bc of rep microtrauma

inflammation

degenerative changes

obivious swelling and pain

need rest or substitution of exercise w/o stressing

Tendonosis

w/o healing tendinitis degenerates = tendonosis

less inflam and more visbily swollen w stiffnes and restrictive motion

common with old age—> stretching + strenthening treatment; eccentric loading

Latent myofascial trigger point

hypersenstive noudle that does not cause pain until touched

restricts mov or causes muscle weakness

Active myofasical tiggger points

pain at rest; pressure mean pain or jump

referred pain

tender point v trigger

Hemotoma

blood and lymph flowing into surrounding tissue (contusion)

Myositis ossificans

chronic inflam and contused

generation of calcium deposits= bone formed

Contrature

abnorm shortening of muscle - great deal of resistence to passive stretch; impact joint and accum of scar tissue

grade 1 ligament sprain

some pain; minimal loss of function, no abnormal motion and mild tenderness

Grade 2 lig sprain

pain moderate; moderate loss of func; swellling and instability w tearing and sep of lig fibers (loose)

Grade 3 lig sprain

extreme pain; inevitable loss of func, servere instablity and swelling and sublaxation

greatest difference btw grade 1 and 2 lig sprains

restore stablity to stretched tissue; strengthen muscle around joint

sublaxtion

partical dislocation of two bones; they come back

dislocation

at least one bony joint is forced out; manually or surgically

Wolf’s law

Bone adaps to stress; change in form and func can change architecual design

Apophyseal injuries

traction ephyses

origin and insertion for muscles

young physically active pppl

Serves disease and Osgood-Schatter disease

osteochondrosis

digenerative changes to ephysis of bone during rapid child growth

aspectitic nerocis- disrupted cirucation of epiphysis

fracture in cartilage

trauama 2 cartilage

neuropraxia

nerve compressed, interuption in conduction thru nerve fiber