ECCS3631: Unit 2 - IP Addressing and Subnetting

How many bits are in an IPv4 address?

32 bits

How many octets make up an IPv4 address?

4 octets (8 bits each)

What part of an IP address identifies the network?

The network portion (defined by the subnet mask)

What must be unique on every device within the same network?

The host portion of the IP address

What is the maximum value of a single IPv4 octet?

255

What does all zeros in the host portion of an IP address represent?

Network Address

What does all ones in the host portion of an IP address represent?

Broadcast Address

Which address type is used to send data to exactly one destination host?

Unicast

What is the broadcast for 195.10.10.0/24?

195.10.10.255

Which format matches a Class A address?

network.host.host.host

In a Class A address, how many bits are used for the network?

First 8 bits

Which format matches a Class B address?

network.network.host.host

In a Class B address, how many bits are used for the network?

First 16 bits

Which format matches a Class C address?

network.network.network.host

In a Class C address, how many bits are used for the network?

First 24 bits

What is the default subnet mask for a Class A address?

255.0.0.0

What is the default subnet mask for a Class B address?

255.255.0.0

What is the default subnet mask for a Class C address?

255.255.255.0 Special & Private Addresses

What is the loopback address range used for self-testing?

127.0.0.0/8 (commonly 127.0.0.1)

Which IP range is reserved for APIPA (when no DHCP is available)?

169.254.0.0/16

Which RFC defines private IPv4 addresses?

RFC 1918

What is the private IP range for Class A?

Class A: 10.0.0.0

What is the private IP range for Class B?

Class B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.0.0

What is the private IP range for Class C?

Class C: 192.168.0.0

Which addresses are used for multicast?

224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Subnetting Fundamentals

What is the purpose of a subnet mask?

To separate the network and host portions of an IP address.

What happens when you borrow bits from the host portion?

You create more subnets, but fewer hosts per subnet.

What formula is used to calculate usable hosts per subnet?

2^n - 2 (where n = host bits)

If you borrow 3 bits, how many subnets can you create?

8 subnets (2^3)

If you borrow 3 bits, how many left for hosts in each subnet?

2^5 - 2 = 30 hosts

If you want only two hosts in a subnet, how many bits would you use for the host part?

2 bits

If you want only two hosts in a subnet, what would be the subnet mask in this IP Subnetting?

255.255.255.252 (/30)

What is the default mask for Class A?

255.0.0.0 (/8)

What is the default mask for Class B?

255.255.0.0 (/16)

What is the default mask for Class C?

255.255.255.0 (/24) CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

What is another way to write the mask 255.255.255.0?

/24

A /30 mask provides how many usable host addresses?

2 usable hosts

Which CIDR prefix corresponds to 255.255.255.192?

/26

How many usable hosts are in a /27 subnet?

30 Troubleshooting

What is the first step when troubleshooting IP connectivity?

Ping 127.0.0.1 (loopback)

What does it mean if you can ping your own IP but not the gateway?

Possible incorrect gateway configuration or router issue.

Which Windows command shows all TCP/IP details including MAC address?

ipconfig /all

Which tool shows the route a packet takes to a destination?

tracert

Which protocol maps IP address to MAC addresses?

ARP Binary & Conversions

Convert the binary 11111111 into decimal.

255

Convert the binary 00000000 into decimal.

0

What is the binary equivalent of 192 in the first octet?

11000000

How many bits are reserved for the network in a /24?

24 bits

What is the block size of a /28 subnet?

16 (4 bits for Host part, so skip by 2^4 = 16) Applied Subnetting

How many usable hosts are available in a /23 network?

510

What is the broadcast address for 192.168.1.64/26?

192.168.1.127

In the subnet 192.168.10.64/27, what is the first usable host?

192.168.10.65

In the subnet 192.168.10.64/27, what is the last usable host?

192.168.10.94

Which subnet mask allows about 1000 hosts per subnet?

/22

What does NAT do in networking?

Translates private IPs into public IPs.

Which Windows utility displays the current IP configuration of a host?

ipconfig

Which command provides a full TCP/IP configuration, including DNS and MAC

ipconfig /all

Which utility checks the connectivity to the destination host (meaning if a host is reachable)?

ping

Which protocol maps IP addresses to MAC addresses?

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

Which Windows utility displays the path packets take to a remote host?

tracert

Which protocol is used by ping?

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

Which protocol assigns an IP address dynamically?

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)