Social Studies grade 8 Alberta

A system of political organization prevailing in medieval Europe

Feudal System

The difference between a serf and a freeman is that a serf lives in the manor and was not allowed to leave his land without permission of the lord. But a Freeman rented land and had freedom to travel wherever he wants to go.

What's the difference between a serf and a freeman?

As towns grew wealth was based off of money rather than land.

What changed as Towns grew?

The sumptuary laws controlled the consumption of how people spent their money.

What are the Sumptuary Laws?

After the crusades European access to the east was restricted unless they wanted trade.

What was restricted after the crusades?

Through Ox, Mule, of Horse on land and by boats overseas.

How were goods transported in Europe?

They bought goods from one place and sold them for more at another place.

How did merchants make money?

The crusades was when the Christians tried to reconquer land the Muslims had taken from them.

What was the crusades?

Some benefits of the Crusades were that Europe had gained spices and new fruits, they also found out that the islamic world is more advanced in education.

What were some benefits of the crusades?

Civic Humanism believed that being a responsible citizen meant education yourself about history and political issues, and working to improve the society.

What does a civic humanist believe in?

Through art.

How could humanists share/show others their ideas?

The steps of the scientific method are, 1. Identify the problem, 2. Gather information, 3. Form a hypothesis, 4. Experiment to test hypothesis, 5. Record data, 6. State conclusion, 7. Repeat.

What was the Scientific Method?

Very little.

How much information did doctors have on medicine,

Merchants.

Who benefitted most from math?

the people got frustrated with the catholic church because the church was abusing its power.

Why did the people get frustrated with the catholic church?

He was a persons who believed that the bible not the church should be the spiritual guid for christians.

Who was Martin Luther?

He got excommunicated and was made an outlaw.

What happened to Martin Luther after writing the Ninety-Five Thesis?

To increase trade, increase gold supply, expand Christianity, expand the known world, and to expand their naval technology.

Why did the Europeans want to explore?

They lived in Tenochtitlan which is in Northern Mexico.

Where did the Aztecs live?

Mountains.

What surrounded the Aztecs?

Mountains were like walls to a fort they gave the Aztecs safety and protection.

What were mountains like for the Aztecs?

By lots of water.

What was Tenochtitlan surrounded by?

They enlarged the amount of land in the lake.

What did Chinampas to the lake around them?

Because it was deeply religious and they thought it was the only way to go to heaven, and the gods would die and get sick without blood.

Why did the Aztecs sacrifice people?

Quetzalcoatl

What was the name of the God of wind?

Huitzilopochtli

Who was the tribal god of the Aztecs?

Nobles and Commoners.

What were the two main classes of the Aztec social hierarchy?

He was known as the great speaker, he was treated as a good and had many responsibilities, he was the head of the state, commander of the army, and was the head priest.

What was the role of the Aztec emperor?

Society was divided into units called calpoli.

What was Aztec society divided into?

It was highly valued and was free for everyone.

What was Aztec education like?

they received all education verbally, all boys were trained for being in the military, the school for commoners was called telpocalli. did not know how to read and write.

How was Aztec education for Commoners.

They learnt about codices and about their society, they learnt to read and write

What was education for nobles like?

The virtues that make a good Aztec citizen are, Self sacrifice, courage, obedience, modesty, and clean living.

What makes a good Aztec citizen?

Laws helped the Aztecs society stay organized, Since nobles were like role models they were more harshly punished if they broke a law.

how were laws important to the Aztecs?

that was a Muslim Spain. in which Muslims had conquered and ruled Spain, the Muslims made Spain part of the words largest economic trading zone.

What was Al-Andalus?

Was when the Christians started moving south and took back their land from the Muslim empire.

What was the reconquista?

They were going to kick out all Jews and Muslims unless they changed religions.

How were the Christians planning on making a Christian Spain?

What happened was that Spain losts its main money makers, it had lost many famous scholars and engineers so they lost lots of money and they needed more.

What happened to Spains wealth after the Spanish inquisition?

He was a Spanish explorer who wanted more land, he joined the expedition to conquer Cuba.

Who was Cortes?

1. To set sail, 2. Meet peacefully with the indigenous people, 3. invite the leader to a gift exchange and force them to convert to christianity, 4, if they did not obey they would fight them, 5. leader would be new governor and indigenous people would be enslaved.

What was the Conquistador formula?

Spanish weapons were made for killing and the Aztec weapons were made just to injure their opponent so they can take them for sacrifice. Spanish had a huge advantage.

Spanish vs Aztec weapon.

Since the Aztecs had no immunity to these foreign diseases of the Spanish 2/3s of their population died due to disease.

what was the role of disease in the downfall of the Aztecs?

After Cortes had left to talk to his superior his troops started attacking the Aztecs and when Cortes came back the city was in uproar, Cortes told Moctezuma to tell his people to stop they got mad and threw rocks at him until he died. After Cortes cut the water supply for 80 days until there were only 60,000 Aztecs left and the Spanish had won.

How did the Aztec empire fall?

The remaining Aztecs were enslaved and some had to marry Spanish people which changed their worldview's.

What happened to the remaining Aztecs?

Japan is far apart from other countries, Japan is an isolated island. It contains mostly mountains and very little farm-able land.

What is Japan's geography like?

Shinto was he ancient religion of Japan, nature was the most important aspect of Shinto.

What was Shinto?

Japan did not involve in trade with any other countries and it was independent it could live itself without the help of others.

How was Japan self-sufficient?

it means that they were just one society with just one belief, religion, and the same values.

What does it mean to be a homogeneous society?

They are powerful land owners or nobles.

What are Daimyo?

It was hereditary which means classified from birth.

How was membership in each class determined for the Japanese?

being obedient to their superiors was important to the ronin.

What was Important to the Ronin?

It taught people that everyone has a place in society, and if everyone accepted their duties their would be peace and order.

What was Confucianism?

they were the Portuguese that what the Japanese named them when they first saw them.

Who were the southern barbarians?

Wanted to expand trade and Christianity.

What did the Portuguese want in Japan?

They were when Japan did not want anyone to spread Chrisitanity in Japan so they stopped anyone from entering Japan unless they only wanted trade and where they burnt all foreign books.

What were the exclusion laws?

The Dutch

What groups were allowed to still enter Japan?

An ideal society was in which there was peace, security, safety, harmony, respect, and in which all people had their own free time.

What was an ideal society for the Japanese?

Economy quickly increased because the farmers increased production with irrigation, road improvements by Daimyo helped increase trade, and silver and gold were introduced and currency.

How did economy boom in Japan?

Isolation had ended and Japan started trading with other countries.

What ended in Meiji Japan?

He was a person who had many ships, when he went to Japan he wanted to increase trade and wanted to make their military better.

Who was Commodore Perry?

Many people wanted to adopt western teachings and did not want a shogun anymore.

What was the pressure that Japan was having from within?

Because many people did not want to have a Shogun anymore and thought that it was weak but some people wanted to keep a Shogun so they had a war.

Why did a civil war break out in Japan?

The new govt. was the Emperor and many Samurai were disrespected and lost their jobs because they were useless to the govt.

What was the new Japanese Government?

The rules against what clothes the people had to wear had changed, the commoners had much more opportunities.

What laws were changed after the Japanese got a new govt.?

Japan thought that everyone who could afford education had to go to school because they thought it would make a stronger and more powerful country.

What changed in education for the Japanese?

Japan borrowed technology from other places and made it better now all TV's except one brand in America are Japanese the Japanese were making things better than everyone else, their goal was to learn and to master the skill.

What happened to Japans industrial industry?

Japan tried to be more western it thought that it should finally modernize itself.

What happened to Japan in the Meiji period.

Because people did not want to return to their old roots.

Why did Japan decide to westernize?

Japan spent time training its troops because they believed that a strong army means a strong country.

Why did Japan want a strong army?