Year 9 History Knowledge for source analysis

Causes of WW1

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• MAIN

• Britain declared war on Germany

• -Australia followed Britain

Assassination of Arch duke Franz Ferdinand

June 28th 1914, sparked war in Europe

MAIN

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Britain declared war on Germany

4th August 1914

Australia's reasons for joining and enlisting

• Patriotism and loyalty to Britain

• Adventure and excitement

• Propaganda posts

• Economic reasons

• First 4 months

Patriotism and loyalty to Britain

many felt duty-bound to support the empire

Adventure and excitement

belief that "the war will be over by Christmas"

Economic Reasons

drought and unemployment made the army attractive

Propaganda Posters

(1918) encouraged enlistment using fear of German invasion

First 4 months

50,000 men enlisted

Gallipoli Campaign (1915)

• 25th April 1915

• Harsh Conditions

• High casualties

• ANZAC legend

Anzacs landed at Gallipoli

25th April 1915

Harsh conditions at Gallipoli

steep cliffs, lack of water, disease

High Casualties

over 8000 Australians killed

ANZAC legend

bravery, mateship, sacrifice became part of national identity

What campaign was seen as Australia's first major military campaign

Gallipoli

Trench Warfare

• Life in trenches

• Stalemate

• New weapons

• Australian experiences

Life in trenches

mud, rats, lice, constant shelling, disease

Stalemate

little movement despite huge causalities

New weapons

machine guns, poison gas, artillery tanks

Australian experiences

many wounded or killed, some sent home with "shell shock"

Australia on the Homefront

• Women's role

• Propaganda

• Censorship

• Conscription debates

• Casualties affected families

Women's role

Worked as nurses, in factories, farms and fundraising

Propaganda

Posters used to shame men into enlisting

Censorship

letters and newspapers censored to hide bad news

Conscription dates

Referendums in 1916 and 1917 (both voted no)

Casualties affected families

almost every community impacted