1. Socrates

Polis

Independent political organization in ancient Greece.

Athens

Largest and most significant Greek polis.

Monarchy

Rule by a single ruler, the Archon.

Oligarchy

Rule by a few individuals or elites.

Democracy

Rule by the people, emphasizing collective decision.

Socrates

Philosopher known for questioning societal norms.

Sophists

5th-century teachers focusing on rhetoric and persuasion.

Protagoras

Sophist known for relativism in knowledge.

Gorgias

Sophist who claimed rhetoric surpasses knowledge.

Ethical Relativism

Moral beliefs shaped by cultural context.

Xenophon

Historian who described Socrates as ideal citizen.

Plato

Philosopher who documented Socratic dialogues.

Aristotle

Philosopher who critiqued the polis concept.

Nomos

Cultural norms shaping beliefs and practices.

Hippias

Sophist known for broad knowledge and skills.

Thrasymachus

Sophist who argued justice serves the powerful.

Aristophanes

Comedian who portrayed Socrates negatively.

Socratic Method

Philosophical technique of questioning to stimulate critical thinking.

Philosophy of Socrates

Focus on ethics and moral questioning.

Hemlock Poisoning

Method of execution used for Socrates.

Critique of Athenian Society

Socrates challenged prevailing norms and beliefs.

Power Distribution

Different forms of governance in Greek city-states.

Collective Power

Authority derived from group consensus.

Quasi Mythological Lawgivers

Legendary figures credited with establishing laws.