Bone Marrow (morph midterm2)

Most common causes of aplastic anemia:

1) acquired (idiopathic, myelotoxic drugs or chemicals, physical agents like whole-body irradiation, viral infection)

2) inherited (Fanconi anemia, Blackman-diamond anemia, dyskeratosis congenit)

2 most common clinical manifestations of anaplastic anemia are:

1) anemia with malaise and pallor

2) thrombocytopenia

What is the cause of polycythemia Vera?

JAK2 mutation

What are the 2 most common clinical features of polycyhtemia Vera?

1) hyperviscosity-related syndromes (headache, dizziness)

2) pruritus

What is the most severe complication of polycythemia Vera?

Acute myeloid leukemia

What is the most common cause of myelofibrosis?

JAK2 mutations

What are the clinical symptoms of myelofibrosis?

Infections, thrombotic episodes, bleeding

At what ages is acute lymphoblastic leukemia most common?

Peak incidence 2-5 yoa (childhood disease)

Which marker is the most important in regards to acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

TdT

What are the clinical presentation of multiple myeloma?

Renal failure (most common), osteolytic lesions, pathologic fractures, bone pain

What is the most important factor for renal failure in the course of multiple myeloma?

Bence-Jones proteinuria which is toxic to the tubular epithelia cells

What are the major cause for renal failure in multiple myeloma?

Hence-jones proteinuria, hypercalcemia, pyelonephritis, and amyloidosis

What type of cell gives rise to multiple myeloma?

Plasma cells

What are the 2 types of metastatic tumors in the bone?

Osteolytic and osteoblastic

What adult cancers metastasizes to the bone?

Carcinomas of prostate, breast, and lung

What cancers in children metastasizes to the bone?

Neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and retinoblastoma