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What is the synapomorphy of the eudicots?
Triaperature pollen
The common name of Ranunculaceae is..
Buttercups
Describe the leaves of Ranunculaceae.
Palmately lobed and venation is palmate too
What is characteristic of the carpels in Ranunculaceae?
They are apocarpous
What does apocarpous mean?
Separated carpels
What is the merosity found in Ranunculaceae?
5-merous
T/F: Aggregate fruits are found in Ranunculaceae, but specific types varies across genera.
TRUE
Many members of the Ranunculaceae have lost their petals and made their ______ petaloid/showy.
Sepals
If Sharpy doesn't give us an ovary type, we can infer that it is ________. This also applies for __________ attached leaves.
superior
alternate
What do members of Papaveraceae manufacture?
Latex
What is so characteristic of the 2 sepals found in the Papaveraceae family?
They are caducous = early deciduous
T/F: Members of Papaveraceae have numerous, tiny, dust-like seeds like the ones found in Orchidaceae.
FALSE - they are tiny and numerous but not dust like
T/F: The Papaveraceae family is smaller in size.
TRUE ~ 825 species
Papaveraceae and Ranunculaceae are found in what order?
Ranunculales
What is the habit of the Crassulaceae family?
Succulent
Members of the Crassulaceae often have a suffrutescent, which is….
being woody at the base and herbaceous above
What type of photosynthesis does members of Crassulaceae undergo?
CAM photosynthesis
What does CAM stand for?
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
Describe the ovaries found in members of the Crassulaceae family. (not inferior or superior)
They have 5 apocarpous ovaries
What fruit type is formed by members of Crassulaceae?
An aggregate of follicles
T/F: The Crassulaceae family, which loves arid environments, is small to moderate in size.
TRUE ~ 1,400 species
Apocarpous ovaries ALWAYS become what?
Aggregate fruits
Succulence normally indicates what?
Undergoing CAM photosynthesis
Members of the Saxifragaceae have what habit type?
Perennial herbs
Describe the leaves found on members of Saxifragaceae.
They are mostly basal
The Saxifragaceae family is characterized by the presence of a leafless peduncle known as a….
scape
What is the stamen count for members of Saxifragaceae?
10
T/F: The gynoecium of Saxifragaceae members is unfused and separate.
FALSE - gynoecium is fused and lobed
T/F: The Saxifragaceae family is rather small in size.
TRUE ~ 745 species
What are 3 characteristics of the Caryophyllales order?
Free central placentation
Curved embryos
Betalains
What is the habit of the Caryophyllaceae family?
Mostly herbaceous
Describe the nodes of the Caryophyllaceae family.
Swollen
What is present on the petals found in the Caryophyllaceae family?
A claw - narrowing and tapering part of the petal
What fruit type is characteristic of the Caryophyllaceae family?
DENTICIDAL capsule
What is the merosity of the Caryophyllaceae family?
5-merous
Is the Caryophyllaceae family a large or small family?
On the larger side, but more moderate in size (2,200 species)
The teeth of the denticidal capsule is determined how?
1-2x the style OR carpel number
What is the habit of the Cactaceae family?
Succulent
Describe the amount of tepals found in the Cactaceae family.
Numerous
T/F: The gynoecium and androecium of the Cactaceae family is numerous.
TRUE
What type of ovaries does the Cactaceae family have? What is the fruit type?
Inferior ovaries → Berries
What are the short axillary shoots found on members of the Cactaceae family?
Areoles
What are the barbed trichomes found on areoles called?
Glochids
Cacti CAN make true leaves, but they are normally…
small and caducous
Briefly define the difference between spines, thorns, and prickles.
Spines = modified leaves
Thorns = modified stems/branches
Prickles = modified epidermal tissue
What type of ovary does the Amaranthaceae family have?
Superior ovary
What is the fruit type of the Amaranthaceae family?
Utricle - like a dry, dehiscent achene
Describe the covering found on members of the Amaranthaceae family?
A farinose/salty covering
Members of the Polygonaceae family have a papery stipule, termed as an…
ochrea
The nodes of the Polygonaceae family have _____ nodes.
swollen
What is the inflorescence of the Polygonaceae family?
Fasicles
What are fascicles?
Few flowered units
Is the Polygonaceae family a large or small family?
Smaller
Describe the bracts found in members of the Nyctaginaceae family.
Bracts are found in an involucre, often showier than the perianth
The achene is persistent and accresent in members of the Nyctaginaceae family. What does accresent mean?
Growing after maturity
The Rosids are delimited into what?
Fabius and Malvids
What is the habit of the Euphorbiaceae family?
Mostly succulent
What is characteristic of the Euphorbiaceae family that they produce?
Latex
What is the inflorescence of members of the Euphorbiaceae family?
Cyathium
What is a cyathium?
A mini cyme; lacks a perianth
Describe the ovaries of the Euphorbiaceae family.
3 carpellate ovaries
T/F: The spiney structures found in members of the Euphorbiaceae family are usually leaves.
FALSE - modified stipules, petioles, stems
What 2 types of flowers are found in members of the Violaceae family?
Chasmogamous (open up) & Cleistogamous (never open up)
Describe the symmetry of the Violaceae family.
They have bilateral symmetry (zygomorphic)
What type of placentation do members of the Violaceae family have?
Parietal
Describe the stamens found in the Violaceae family.
5 connivent stamens
Describe the ovary of the Violaceae family.
3 carpellate ovary
What type of capsules do members of the Violaceae family have?
Loculicidal capsules
What is the reason for being cleistogamous?
Self pollination AND they are also the earliest native flowering plants (no pollinators out)
What teeth do members of the Salicaceae family have?
Salicoid teeth
T/F: The flowers of the Salicaceae family have unisexual and small flowers, lacking a perianth.
TRUE
What type of inflorescence do members of the Salicaceae family have?
Catkins
Describe the seeds found in members of the Salicaceae family.
Comose seeds with tufts of coma (hairs)
What is the ovary and fruit type of the Salicaceae family?
Superior → capsules
List the 2 major differences between the Salix and Populus genus.
Salix - 1 bud scale & upright catkins
Populus - 2+ bud scales & pendulous catkins
Note 
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