BIOCHEM PT. 9 (amino acid metabolism) (copy)

Pepsin

Pepsin

The enzyme that catalyzes

proteins—→ pepsin

Free Amino acids

In the small intestine, proteins are converted to

• TRYPSIN

• CHYMOTRYPSIN

• CARBOXYPEPTIDASE A, B and

• ELASTASE

The enzyme that catalyzes

proteins—→ Free amino acids

Transamination and Deamination

Free amino acids are absorbed in the small intestines. And when used as a fuel, amino acids must lose their amino groups via __

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

AMINO ACIDS CAN RESYNTHESIZE TO PROTEINS OR BE MADE AS ATP

TRANSAMINATION

TRANSFER THE AMINO GROUP TO ANOTHER SUBSTRATE (alpha keto acid)

Kreb’s Cycle

alpha keto acid will go through ___ and convert it into ATP

Alanine amino transferase

a liver enzyme

GPT - glutamic pyruvic transaminase

other name of ALT that is found in serum (liver damage)

PLP- pyridoxal phosphate

a co-enzyme that can be found in vit B6

Oxidative Deamination

They also lose their amino group but the disadvantage is that they produce AMMONIA

Hyperammonemia

accumulation of ammonia in blood

• B -LURRED VISION,

• E - DEMA,

• S - SEIZURE,

• T - REMORS

Sign and symptoms of Hyperammonemia

Urea Cycle

A cycle that prevent hyperammonemia, which converts ammonia to urea

Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I

An enzyme that helps to convert

CO2 + NH3 —> Carbamoyl Phosphate

Ornithine Transcarbamylase

An enzyme that helps to condense

Carbamoyl Phosphate + citrulline —>Ornithine

Arginosuccinate Synthase

An enzyme that helps to condense

Ornithine + Aspartate —>Arginosuccinate

Arginosuccinase

An enzyme that helps to convert

Arginosuccinate —> Arginine

Fumarate

byproducts of Arginosuccinate —> Arginine

Arginase

An enzyme that helps to convert

Arginine —> urea

• Lys,

• Leu

  Mnemonics: (KLL)

Amino acids that are Ketogenic (exclusively)

• Trp

• Tyr

• Phe

• Thr,

• Ile

Amino acids that are BOTH Ketogenic and Glucogenic

P, V, T T, I, M H, A L , L

• phenylalanine,

• valine,

• threonine,

• tryptophan,

• isoleucine,

• methionine,

• histidine,

• leucine, and

• lysine.

Mnemonics for Essential Amino Acids

Glu, Pro, Arg

Alpha-ketoglutarate —> Glutamate produces to what amino acids?

Asn, Met, Lys, Thr, Ile

Oxaloacetate —> Aspartate produces to what amino acids?

Gly, Cys

3-Phosphoglycerate —> Serine produces to what amino acids?

Alanine, Leu, Val

Pyruvate produces what amino acids?

Phe, Tyr, Trp

Phosphoenolpyruvate + Erythrose-4-P produces what amino acids?

His

Ribose-5-P what amino acid?

Phenylketonuria

Deficiency of PhenylAlanine

Alkaptonuria

Homogentisate oxidase deficiency

Albinism

Tyrosinase deficiency

• NO BROWN PIGMENT