Notes on the Consequences of the Spanish Colonization (VLTRA)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.

Felipinas

The name given to the Philippines, derived from King Philip II.

Tributo

Tax paid by natives to the colonial government.

Cedula tax

Tax certificate replacing the tribute tax in 1884.

Polo

Forced labor; natives aged 16–60 were required to work 40 days per year.

Falla

Exemption from polo by paying a lump sum.

Centralized government

A centralized colonial government established in the Philippines.

King of Spain

The monarch who held sovereignty over the colony.

Governor General

The highest colonial official; first: Miguel López de Legazpi; last: Diego de los Ríos (1565–1898).

Alcalde Mayor

Provincial governor; head of the alcaldia.

Gobernadorcillo

Town-level official; mayor of a town.

Cabeza de Barangay

Barangay captain; local village leader.

Royal Audiencia

The highest court in the Philippines during the Spanish era.

Residencia

Investigation of a governor-general's acts by his successor.

Visita

Secret inquiry into the acts of top colonial officials.

Pacified provinces

Provinces under Spanish control (alcaldia).

Unpacified provinces

Provinces resisting Spanish rule.

Corregimientos

Territories governed by corregidores in unpacified areas.

Corregidores

Military officers who governed unpacified provinces.

Ayuntamiento

City government; Cebu (1569) and Manila (1572).

Pueblo

Towns.

Encomienda

System granting land and the right to collect income and govern people.

Encomenderos

Recipients of encomiendas; landholders who ruled over indigenous people.

Christianization

Spread of Christianity; a lasting Spanish legacy in the Philippines.

Augustinians

Religious order arriving in 1565 toChristianize the Philippines.

Franciscans

Religious order arriving in 1577.

Jesuits

Religious order arriving in 1581.

Dominicans

Religious order arriving in 1581.

Recollects

Religious order arriving in 1606.

Benedictines

Religious order established in 1895.

Vows (obedience)

Obedience to religious superiors and the organization.

Vows (celibacy)

Celibacy; remaining unmarried.

Vows (poverty)

Poverty; renunciation of material possessions.

Abolition of slavery (1580)

Royal decree prohibiting Spaniards in the colony from keeping native slaves.

Pope Gregory XIV bull (1591)

Excommunication of those who still held slaves in the Philippines.

Education system

Introduction of European education: primary schools, colleges, and universities; religion became compulsory.

College of Manila

Established in 1589; later became College of San Ignacio (1621).

University of Santo Tomas (UST)

Established 1611 as a college for boys; renamed UST in 1645; oldest existing university.

University of San Carlos (Cebu)

Established 1595 as parochial school; became a university in 1948.

Doctrina Christiana

First printed book in the Philippines (1593).

Printing introduction

Printing introduced in 1593 by Dominican missionaries; precursor to Sto. Tomas Press.

Juan de Vera

First known printer in the Philippines (a Chinese mestizo).

Tomás Pinpin

Known as the 'Prince of Filipino Printers'.

Cenaculo

Religious drama depicting the Passion of Christ.

Moro-moro

Drama about the Christian–Muslim conflict.

Zarzuela

Musical theater with songs, dances, and comedies.

Peninsulares

Spaniards born in Spain who lived in the Philippines.

Insulares (Creoles)

Spaniards born in the Philippines; full-blooded Spaniards.

Mestizos

People of mixed Spanish and native or other non-Spanish ancestry.

Indios

Native Filipino inhabitants.

Principalia

Native aristocrats; privileged native class.

Masses

Common natives; the general populace.

Ilustrados

Educated middle class who would lead the later Filipino nationalism.

Galleon Trade

Annual trade between Manila and Acapulco; Asian goods sent to Mexico.

Boleta

Ticket required to ship goods to Mexico under the galleon trade.

Tobacco monopoly

Colonial government monopoly over the tobacco trade.

Abolition of tobacco monopoly (1782)

Formal abolition of the tobacco monopoly, associated with Jose Basco y Vargas.

Royal Company

Royal Company established to oversee trade in the Philippines.

Transportation and communication

Improvements under colonial rule: railways, postal service, telegraph, and telephone.

Manila-Dagupan Railway

Railway completed in 1891 linking Manila and Dagupan.

Postal service

Postal service established in 1837.

Domestic telegraph

Domestic telegraph service established in 1873.

International telegraph

International telegraph communications established in 1888.

Telephone

Telephone service introduced in 1890.