ARCC HOA REVIEWER PART 3

Scope: Ma'am E's lecture video (2024) - Philippine Colonial Architecture - Contemporary Architecture

Laws of the Indies

Template for urban planning in the New World under Spain, characterized with a gridiron plan, a plaza central to the settlement, with major religious and government buildings around the plaza

Pueblo

A Spanish colonial town

Ciudad

A Spanish colonial city

Iglesia

A Spanish colonial church

Convent

The Spanish house of the priest usually attached to the church

Campanario

The Spanish bell tower

Baroque

The churches in this style were equipped with heavy buttresses to support the structure in times of earthquakes

Plaza

The Spanish town square and nucleus of every town

Arquitectura Mestiza

Hybrid architecture combining western styles and technology with the indigenous architectural vocabulary and technology

Paletada

The plaster/skin of the building

Cal y canto

Lime and masonry

Fr. Antonio Sedeno

Jesuit priest who introduced stone building

Leonardo Yturriano

Engineer who directed the stone construction of the walls of Intramuros

Manila

Capital of the Philippine colony also known as Intramuros, starting from a precolonial settlement of Raja Matanda and Raja Soliman

San Agustin Church, Intramuros

Santa Maria Church, Ilocos Sur

Paoay Church, Ilocos Norte

Miagao Church, Iloilo

Four Baroque churches declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites

San Sebastian Church

Neo-Gothic church located in Quiapo known for being made up of pre-fabricated steel parts manufactured in Binche, Belgium

Zaguan

The ground floor in a bahay na bato

Escalera

The stairs in a bahay na bato

Entresuelo

The mezzanine in a bahay na bato

Ciada

The second floor anthill in a bahay na bato

Sala

The living room in a bahay na bato

Cuarto

The bedroom in a bahay na bato

Azotea

The open air balcony attached to the kitchen in a bahay na bato

Binondo

The most important arrabal of Manila in the 19th century, a hub of trade and commerce.

Calle Rosario

The great mart of the common people who shopped in the Chinese and Mestizo bazaars that lined both sides of the street

Calle Escolta

The classiest street which catered to the cosmopolitan crowd, with the shops located here offering the latest goods and effects from Europe and America

Accesoria

Term for the Philippine shophouse

Punkah

Overhead piece of cloth manually swung to serve as a fan

Letrina

Term for toilet/water closet

Edgar Ketchum Bourne

Appointed as head of the Bureau of Architecture in 1901, as the Insular Architect in charge of all government building designs

Insular Ice Plant and Cold Storage

The first building constructed by the Americans; located at Plaza Lawton, this ensured the storage and preservation of soldiers’ food supply and ice readily available in the warm tropical climate of the Philippines.

Daniel Burnham

Chicago architect and planner most known as the Father of the City Beautiful movement and commissioned to prepare plans for Manila and Baguio in 1905.

William Parsons

Recommended by Burnham to implement his plans in Manila; the consulting architect from 1906 to 1914 where he designed many government structures

Burnham Plan for Manila

This plan proposed a government center in Ermita just in front of the Luneta where radial boulevards would emanate. It also proposed social clubs and a tourist hotel to be located along the Manila Bay esplanade for a good view of the sea.

Agrifina Circle

Now known as Teodoro Valencia Circle, it was called as such from the Agriculture and Finance buildings on opposite sides of the circle, which are currently now parts of the National Museum of the Philippines Complex.

Gabaldon schools

These schools were built under a program known as Act No. 1801, where standard types from one-room, two-room, H-shaped, and U-shaped buildings were designed by William Parson.

Philippine Normal School

A school for training teachers, it continued the objectives of the old Escuela Normal from the Spanish period to the American period

Siliman Institute

Now a university, it is the first Protestant (Presbyterian) college in the Philippines, located in Dumaguete City.

Tomas Arguelles

Trained at the Escuela de Artes y Oficios as a maestra de obras, he was one of the first ten licensed architects in the Philippines, and was granted the license in 1922.

Arcadio Arellano

The elder brother of Juan Arellano who studied to be a maestro de obras at the Escuela de Artes y Oficios

Andres Luna de San Pedro

Manila City’s architect from 1920-1924, he was the son of Juan Luna and studied arts and architecture in Europe before returning to the Philippines in 1918.

Pensionado Architects

Filipino scholars granted by a 1903 law, where they were exposed to the architectural styles and trends prevalent in the United States

Tomas Mapua

A Pensionado architect who was the first registered architect with PRC ID No. 01, who established the first school of architecture.

Juan Arellano

A Pensionado architect who studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Drexel Institute, most well known for his works such as the Central Post Office, Manila Metropolitan Theater, and Rizal Memorial Stadium

Juan Felipe Nakpil

The son of Gregoria de Jesus, and Julio Nakpil, he was a pensionado architect who founded the Philippine Institute of Architects in 1933.

Pablo Antonio

Studied architecture in the Mapua Institute of Technology, and well-known for his Art Deco theaters and the Far Eastern University building.

Fernando Ocampo