Mr Madeiros Organic Compounds

Macromolecules

Large, complex molecules that are made up of lots of monomers. Most of them are polymers.

The four main marcomolecules

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Amino acids

The monomers of protein, there are 20 types them

Polypeptides

Polymers made from long chains of amino acids, making up a part of (or a whole) protein

Examples of protein functions

Chemical reactions as enzymes, communicating as hormones, and initiating movement in muscles

Monosaccharides

Monomers of carbohydrates; they are simple sugars; some key types include fructose, sucrose, and glucose

Providing energy

The main function of carbohydrates

Polysaccharide

The polymer made from chains of monosaccharides; they are complex sugars, some examples are: starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Forming membranes in cells, being hormones and vitamins, being energy storage

Functions of lipids

Fatty acids

The most common monomers of lipids

Saturated fatty acid

Completely covered in hydrogen atoms

Unsaturated fatty acid

Has some double bonds and still has space for hydrogen atoms to bond to

Examples of lipids

Triglycerides and phospholipids

Nucleic acids contain…

…the instructions for creating proteins within the body

Nucleotides

The monomers of nucleic acids

The 3 parts of a nucleotide

A phosphate, a sugar, and a base

Cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine, and uracil

The 5 different kinds of nucleotides

RNA and DNA

The two major nucleic acids (they are also polymers) that form from nucleotides

Lipids

A type of macromolecule, the monomers are usually fatty acids

Protein

A type of macromolecule, the monomers are amino acids

Carbohydrate

A type of macromolecule, the type of monomers are monosaccharides

Nucleic Acid

A type of macromolecule that contains instructions for creating proteins, monomers are nucleotides