Physical Geography // Exam 1 study guide

This set of flashcards covers fundamental concepts in geography and climate studies, including definitions of key terms, explanations of processes, and significant geographic markers.

What are the lines of latitude called?

Parallels

What is the significance of the Tropic of Cancer?

It is located at 23.5° N and marks the northernmost point of the sun's vertical rays.

Define the term 'subsolar point.'

The only point where solar insolation arrives perpendicular to the Earth’s surface and is located between the tropics.

What contributes significantly to temperature patterns on Earth?

Latitude is the biggest contributor to temperature patterns.

What is the role of the Earth's tilt in seasons?

The Earth's tilt drives the seasons by affecting the angle of sunlight received.

What is a small-scale map?

A map that reduces reality, where features are depicted smaller, covering a larger area.

What is the process of energy transfer through direct contact called?

Conduction.

What is the weather phenomenon that results from rising warm air?

Convection.

What is 'latent heat'?

Hidden energy absorbed or released during phase changes, such as evaporation and condensation.

What leads to the Urban Heat Island Effect?

Heat retention in urban areas due to buildings and asphalt, causing warmer temperatures than in rural areas.

How do contour lines on a map help?

They connect points of equal elevation, allowing us to read elevation and slope.

What are the main drivers of wind?

Pressure gradient, Coriolis effect, and friction.

Define the concept of 'albedo.'

The reflectivity of a surface; darker surfaces absorb more heat than lighter ones.

What happens to solar radiation as it enters the atmosphere?

It can be reflected back into space or absorbed by the atmosphere, warming it.

What is the weather associated with cyclonic rotation?

Stormy weather conditions.

What does a barometer measure?

Air pressure.

How does elevation affect climate?

Higher elevations generally experience lower temperatures.

What are isobars?

Lines that connect points of equal air pressure on a map.

What is the significance of the March equinox in terms of day length?

All locations experience 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night.