Memory

Memory

The mental capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information.

Recall

The ability to retrieve information from memory without cues.

Recognition

The ability to identify previously learned information when presented with it.

Relearning

The process of learning information again that was previously learned, often more quickly.

Encoding

The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.

Storage

The retention of encoded information over time.

Retrieval

The process of accessing and bringing stored information into consciousness.

Parallel Processing

The ability of the brain to process multiple pieces of information simultaneously.

Sensory Memory

The brief retention of sensory information, lasting only a few seconds.

Short-term Memory

The capacity for holding a small amount of information for a brief period, typically around 20-30 seconds.

Long-term Memory

The storage of information over extended periods, potentially for a lifetime.

Working Memory

A type of short-term memory that involves the manipulation and processing of information.

Explicit Memory

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare.

Effortful Processing

The encoding of information that requires conscious effort and attention.

Automatic Processing

The unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space and time.

Implicit Memory

Memory that is not consciously recalled, such as skills and conditioned responses.

Iconic Memory

A type of sensory memory that holds visual information for a very short duration.

Echoic Memory

A type of sensory memory that holds auditory information for a brief period.

Chunking

The process of grouping information into larger, manageable units to enhance memory.

Mnemonics

Memory aids or techniques that help in the retention and retrieval of information.

Spacing Effect

The phenomenon where information is better retained when study sessions are spaced out over time.

Testing Effect

The improved memory retention that occurs when information is actively recalled during testing.

Shallow Processing

A superficial level of processing that focuses on the physical features of the information.

Deep Processing

A more meaningful level of processing that involves semantic understanding of the information.