APWH Unit 2 💗

What were the major trade networks discussed in Unit 2?

Silk Roads, Indian Ocean Trade Network, Trans-Saharan Trade Routes.

What was the Pax Mongolica?

A period of stability and trade along the Silk Roads during the 13th to 14th centuries under Mongol rule.

Which luxury goods were traded along the Silk Roads?

Silk and porcelain from China; horses and jade from Central Asia; glassware, wool, and textiles from the Middle East and Europe.

What technological advancements improved overland travel on the Silk Roads?

Use of camel caravans, caravanserais, saddles, and stirrups.

How did Buddhism spread during the era of trade networks?

Buddhism spread from India to Central Asia, China, and Southeast Asia along trade routes.

What were the key features of the Indian Ocean Trade Network?

Connected East Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China; depended on monsoon winds.

Which goods were commonly traded in the Indian Ocean Trade Network?

Gold, ivory, enslaved people from East Africa; spices and textiles from South Asia; porcelain and silk from China.

What innovations in ship design were used in the Indian Ocean Trade?

Lateen sails, dhows used by Arabs, and junks used by Chinese.

What was the economic impact of the Trans-Saharan Trade?

Wealthy empires like Mali controlled trade routes, leading to significant economic power.

Who was Mansa Musa and what significance did he have in trade?

Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire known for his pilgrimage to Mecca that displayed Mali's wealth.

What were the cultural impacts of the Trans-Saharan Trade?

Spread of Islam with mosques and schools built; cities like Timbuktu became centers of Islamic scholarship.

When did the Mongol Empire reach its height?

During the 13th and 14th centuries under Genghis Khan's successors.

What was the historical significance of gunpowder in trade?

Gunpowder spread from China to the Islamic world and Europe through trade routes.

What was the effect of the Black Death in Europe?

Killed approximately 25–50% of Europe's population and caused labor shortages and social upheaval.

How did the exchange of goods and technologies affect Eurasia?

Increased trade, exchange of knowledge, and facilitated the spread of innovations.

Which empire controlled trade routes across the Sahara Desert?

The Mali Empire.

What were the key cities related to trade discussed in Unit 2?

Timbuktu, Calicut, Venice, Genoa, Hangzhou, and Malacca.

What impact did trade have on the urbanization of states?

Trade routes led to wealth accumulation and the growth of cosmopolitan cities.

What crops transformed agriculture during this period?

Champa rice, bananas, and citrus fruits.

How did syncretism manifest in Southeast Asia?

Through blending of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam in cultural expressions and architecture.

What role did the Silk Roads play in the spread of technology?

The Silk Roads facilitated the transfer of technologies like papermaking, printing, and gunpowder from one region to another.

What were caravanserais?

Caravanserais were roadside inns along trade routes that provided shelter and supplies for traveling merchants.

How did trade influence cultural exchanges in Eurasia?

Trade led to significant cultural exchanges, including the spread of religions, artistic styles, and languages.

What was the significance of Timbuktu in trade?

Timbuktu was a key trading city in the Trans-Saharan Trade, renowned for its wealth and as a center of Islamic scholarship.

How did the demand for spices affect trade routes?

Increased European demand for spices led to the expansion of trade routes and competition for control over spice-producing regions.

What was the role of the Mongol Empire in promoting trade?

The Mongol Empire provided stability and security along trade routes, which encouraged trade and commerce.

What impact did Indian Ocean trade have on the Swahili Coast?

Indian Ocean trade led to the development of wealthy city-states on the Swahili Coast, thriving on trade with Asia.

How did the exchange of ideas through trade affect governance?

The exchange of ideas through trade influenced political structures, governance, and the spread of legal systems.

What were the consequences of the Black Death on trade networks?

The Black Death disrupted trade networks, leading to a decline in trade activity and a shift in economic power.

How did luxury goods influence social status during this period?

Possession and trade of luxury goods like silk and spices became an indicator of wealth and social status.