Animal Science Lab Final

What is this breed?

Holstein

What is this breed?

Jersey

What is the avg milk production + milk fat of Holstein?

23,000 lbs-3.7%

Holsteins make up ____ of the total US dairy cow pop

90%

What is the avg production + milk fat of Jersey?

18,400 lbs-5.0%

Jerseys make up a lil more than ___ of the total US dairy pop

10%

the goal is to produce a ____ calf

heifer

AI allows producers to increase the ___ in their herd in a cost effective way 

good genetics 

Dairy bulls are ___ to the cow/heifer and the producers

dangerous

Conception rate are ___ for dairy cattle and ___ for beef. Why?

45-60% + 65%

lots of energy—>milking

How many days after giving birth are dairy cattle bred?

60 days

fertility rates __ as milk production __

increase, decrease 

After calves are born, they are tubed to ensure that they receive ____ within the first few hrs of life

colostrum

colostrum has ___ that gives the calf its ___ until the calf’s body can develop its own immune system

antibodies; immunity

a newborn calf consumes around ___ of milk a day

1-2 gallons

a cow normally gives around ___ of milk a day

8-10 gallons

Cows drink out of a ___ instead of a bottle. Why? 

bucket

holds much more, bottle is more very labor intensive 

calves are placed in ind ___. Why?

hutches

to help prevent calves from catching sickness from each other

soon after being born, each female calf is given an ___ + ___

ear tag + tattoo

When are male calves tagged + castrated?

week 3-4

When are calves weaned?

starting at week 8 

weaned at week 10 

When is the calf’s immune system fully developed?

12 weeks

What is the goal weight for Holstein+Jersey heifers at 13 months?

Holstein: 750 lbs

Jersey: 650 lbs

When should heifers calve?

21/22 months

When do dairy heifers start producing money?

once they produce milk 

summer calving is not wanted b/c of ___

heat stress

What are the milking and dry periods of dairy cattle?

milking: 305 days

dry: 60 days

cows are put into a maternity lot ___days prior to their due date to be watched closely

21

What is a free stall housing system?

allows cows to lay down, eat, + drink water as they pls

How much do cows eat + drink in a day?

fed: 80-90 lbs

drink: 70 gallons of water

Why is sand used for bedding?

absorbent, dry, clean, easy to purchase

Why is mastitis so costly?

lost milk b/c meds, decreased milk production, permanent damage to udder

When the temp humidity index is ___ cows can succumb to heat stress

68°

Fans + sprinklers can decrease the temp by how much?

100°—>83°

dairy cattle receive around ___ of feed a day with ___ of that being dry matter

80-90 lbs; 50-60 lbs

dairy cattle are fed a TMR _ times a day

2

What does TMR consist of?

corn silage, dry hay, grains, bailage, + water (grain is their fav-must be fully mixed)

roughage helps __ digestion

slow

Milking is done how often/how long does it take?

twice a day, 7-9 minutes

What role does oxytocin play?

milk let down

What are the steps of milking?

1. teats cleaned

2. dipped in 0.5% iodine, 30 sec

3. teats stripped + wiped clean (look for diff things )

4. milking unit attached

5. dipped in 1% iodine, contains lanolin

The milking unit is released with how much milk left?

5-10%

How long does the teat opening stay open for after milking?

30 minutes 

Every milk tank is tested for__+__

bacteria+antibiotics

What is this breed? 

Spanish meat breed 

most goats have a ___ kid during the first kidding

single

most goats have ___ or ___ after first kidding

twins or triplets

What is a nemotode?

a worm that is ingested through eating grass in goats

to help limit the parasite load, the pastures are rotated every ____ 

2-3 weeks 

What is a major internal parasite problem for both goats + sheep?

barber pole worms

What are the warm season grasses grown at MSU goat pastures ?

bermuda, banalia, dallis, foxtail

What are the areas to eval BCS in goats?

lumbar spine, ribs, sternum

What is the BCS range for goats?

1-5 

Where are shots given to goats?

intramuscular(neck) + subcutaneous(armpit)

What is this breed?

Suffolk

What type of sheep are at the MSU farm?

both meat breeds + medium-wooled

What is the largest framed size sheep breed?

suffolk

What are the pros and cons of Suffolk?

pros: carcass, prolific ewes, milk production

cons: low quality wool

What is this breed?

Hampshire

What are the pros and cons of Hampshire?

pros: carcass, prolific ewes, more hardy

cons: low quality wool, less prolificacy  

What are the importance of medium-wooled breeds?

1. bred for meat and have good to excellent carcass conformation

2. have light fleeces, producing 5-8 lb of wool per year

3. wool is more coarse than fine-wool breeds, but much finer than long-wool breeds

4. flocking instincts are not as strong as white-faced sheep, tend to spread out over pasture

5. popular in the eastern regions of the USA (midwest+east)

ewe lamb

young female

ram lamb

young male

ram

mature male

ewe

mature female

stag

castrated mature male

sheep

one year or older

lamb

one year or less

What is the difference between rangeflock and farmflock? 

rangeflock: western US, wool focused

farmflock: eastern US, meat focused 

What is lanolin?

oil found in fleece

What are the reproduction qualities of sheep?

seasonal polyestrous

estrous cycle: 17 days

estrus: 30 hours

How old are sheep at puberty?

6-12 mo

How many ewes are ramb lambs/rams given?

ram lamb: 15-20

mature ram: 35-50

When do lamb procedures happen at MSU farm?

docking tails/CDT shot: 1-2 days

overeating+tetanus: every 3 weeks til weaned

creep feed: 10-14 days

castration: 3-4 weeks

weaned: 4 months

What are Urinary Calculi?

kidney stones in sheep, imbalance in calcium phosphorus-ammonium chloride can be fed as a preventative

What are the ideal birth weights for sheep?

singles: 10-12 lbs

twins: 7-9 lbs

What are the lambing percentages?

range flock: 120-130%

farm flock: 160-180%

weaning age: 3-6 mo

weaning weight: 70-90 lbs

slaughter age: 5-7 mo

What is Caseous Lymphadenitis?

bacteria—>abbesses along the lymphatic system, #1 culling cause

What is Scrapie?

affects the Central Nervous System in sheep, biggest problem in industry, no cure

How to tell age in sheep by teeth?

1 year: 1 pair of perm teeth

2 year: 2 pairs of perm teeth

3 year: 3 pairs of perm teeth

4 years: 4 pairs of perm teeth (solid-mouthed)

4-6 years: teeth spread apart (spread-mouthed)

6-7 years: teeth lost, chipped, broken (broken-mouthed)

~ 10: all teeth gone (gummers)

What are the most expensive sheep cuts?

loin, leg, rack

What is the ideal market sheep weight?

115-160 lbs

What is the BCS range for sheep?

1-5

What is this breed?

American Quarter Horse

What is this breed

Thoroughbred

horses are __ animals and will try to run away when scared

prey

never approach a horse til the horse is standing with their ___ toward you

head

if the horse is in a stall, ___ to the horse before coming in

talk

horses can see all around them except right in ___  of their nose and ____ them

front; behind 

always approach the horse slowly from ___ and from the ___

his left; front

How much does 1 hand measure?

4 in

What are the two ways to measure height of a horse?

measuring stick + tape measure

What are the three ways to measure horse weight?

scale, estimate stick, tape measure

How is BCS scored in horses?

1-9, 5 is ideal

What are the important numbers in horses?

normal temp: 99-100 F

normal heart rate: 24-48

normal breaths per min: 8-14

for every _ heart beat, the horse takes _ breath

4; 1

Where are intramuscular shots given to horses?

neck, hind quarters, pectoral muscle