Unit Four HGAP vocab

Administered boundaries

the boundary enforcement maintained by a government

African Union

continental union of 55 African states boosting development

American Indian Reservations

gov’t allocated land reserves for Natives

Antecedent boundaries

boundary created before the area was populated

Arctic council

leading intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation in the Arctic

ASEAN

an organization of countries in southeast Asia to promote development

Autonomous regions

region that has semi-autonomy but still controlled by an external authority.

Centripetal forces

forces that unify the people and state

Centrifugal forces

forces that divide the people and state

Choke points

strategic location where the flow of people and goods can be constricted

Consequent boundaries

Boundaries that are created as a consequence of a cultural, religious, ethnic, or political divide between two groups.

Cultural cohesion

tightly knit group of people of the same culture

Defined boundaries

boundaries established by a legal document

Delimited boundaries

geographic boundary put on a map

Demarcated boundaries

actual boundary set up to mark boundary (fence)

Demilitarized zones

treaty-backed ares forbidding military installations.

Democrazation

process of establishing representative forms of gov’t

Devolution

transfer of power from central to regional governments

Equitable Infrastructure Devlopment

economic approach to ensure equal development of infrastructure between regions

Ethnic Cleansing

when one dominant groups commits mass expulsions against another particular group

Ethnic separatism

ethnic minority groups fighting for independence

Ethnonationalism

nationalism in the state is described within ethnicity with emphasis on ethnocentric views.

European Union (EU)

multi-state European alliance for politics & economics

Exclusive Economics Zones (EEZ)

sea zone where a particular state has rights over resource exploitaiton

Failed State

state unable to perform basic functions for the country

Federal States

shared authority between central and regional authorities

Geometric boundaries

boundary created using straight lines (lat and long)

Gerrymandering

practice of one political party redrawing electoral districts to obtain a political advantage

Imperalism

practice of extending power & influence over other countries

Independent State

state with sovereignty and self government

Irredentism

movement to ‘reunite’ the homeland with territory in another state that is ethnically similar or an ex-region

Maritime boundaries

conceptual division of maritime areas between two states.

Multinational states

when a state has multiple ethnicities

Multistate nations

a nation (ethnicity) spread across multiple states

Nations

ethnicites, people groups

Nation-states

state made up of one common people group

Neocolonialism

control by a dominant country over its former colonies

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

political alliance agreeing to defend against communist advances.

Redistricting

the process of drawing new electoral district boundaries

Relic boundaries

boundary that no longer exists but still appears on the landscape

Self-determination

process where one country determines its own statehood, self-indentification.

Semi-autonomous region

area where a group has some degree of autonomy.

Shatterbelt region

region with strong colliding cultural forces under persistent stress that may lead to violence.

Sovereignty

state’s ability to govern itself with political authority.

Stateless Nations

group of people sharing ethnicity without a proper state.

Subsequent Boundaries

Boundaries that are created after two different groups have settled somewhere.

Superimposed Boundaries

boundaries drawn up by an external power

Supranationalism

states working together with common political goals

Supranational organizations

organizations formed to carry out supranatoinalism

Territoriality

effort to control specific pieces of the Earth

Territorial seas

area 12 miles away from coast to be recognized under the state’s jurisdiction

Terrorism

systematic violence used by a group to intimidate a population

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

int’l agreement over maritime territory and rights between states,.

Unitary states

states where laws are administered uniformly by the central government

United Nations (UN)

international organization formed in 1945 to income political-economical cooperation among states

Voting districts

internal boundaries that divide a state’s voters