Chapter 12: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Redox reactions

electrons are transferred from one atom to another

oxidation

loss of electrons

reduction

gain of electrons

half-reactions

redox reaction broken up into two individual reactions

oxidation number (state)

calculated to find if electrons were transferred

single replacement (displacement)

atom replaces another in a compound which produces a new atom and compound

active metals such as Li or Ba

react with water in single-displacement reactions

active metals that react with water examples

Li, Na, K, Sr, Ba

Active metals such as Mg or Fe

react with acid but not water in singe-replacement

active metals that do not react with water examples

Mg, Zn, Pb, Ni, Al

inactive metals

do not undergo simple single-replacement with water or acids

inactive metals examples

Ag, Pt, Au, Cu

electrolytic cells

redox reactions that do not normally occur but can when adding electricity

galvanic cells

spontaneous redox reaction that can occur without added energy

electrolysis experiments

adds electrodes to nonspontaneous redox reactions to cause reaction to occur

cathode

electrode where electrons are supplied

anode

electrode where oxidation reactions occur

Faraday’s constant

1 mole electrons = 96,485 coulombs

thermodynamically favored reaction will create a ____ reading on galvanic cell voltage readings

positive

combustion

when organic compounds reacts with oxygen which produced carbon dioxide and water