APUSH final exam

What political strategy is reflected in Bill Clinton's quote 'The era of big government is over'?

Embracing traditional Republican ideology to appeal to moderates.

What economic context influenced Clinton’s statement in the 1990s?

A booming economy with budget surpluses.

Which legislation aligns with Clinton's statement about moving people from welfare to work?

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act.

What act of Congress is connected to Clinton’s statement about welfare reform?

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act.

What was a significant effect of the welfare reform policy mentioned by Clinton?

Imposition of time limits and work requirements for welfare recipients.

What political viewpoint opposed Clinton's welfare reform?

Progressive Democrats.

What major political event is associated with Clinton's statement regarding sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky?

The impeachment proceedings against Clinton.

What was the outcome of Clinton's impeachment process?

The Senate acquitted Clinton, allowing him to remain in office.

What political consequence followed Clinton’s impeachment?

Clinton left office with high approval ratings.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) sought to eliminate what?

Trade barriers between the US, Canada, and Mexico.

What was a major criticism of NAFTA during the 1990s?

It led to significant job losses in American manufacturing.

How can the US economy during Clinton’s presidency be characterized?

Strong economic growth with budget surpluses.

What led to criticism of Clinton from progressive Democrats?

His support for criminal justice reform with harsher penalties.

Which technology trend prominently emerged in the 1990s?

Commercialization of the internet and the dot-com boom.

What was a major education policy initiative during the Clinton administration?

Goals 2000: Educate America Act.

What was a sentiment expressed in the U.S. after the events leading to the USA Patriot Act?

Fear and shock due to the impact of foreign threats.

Which major event caused the passing of the USA Patriot Act?

The presidential order of a massive military campaign against Afghanistan.

What is NOT a consequence of the USA Patriot Act?

Decreased fear of deportation.

Which response described in the passage about homeland security was most directly caused by the events of September 11, 2001?

Terrorist actions taken against the United States in New York.

What was the biggest direct result of the Homeland Security Act?

Extensive telephone and e-mail surveillance as well as the authorization of the detention and deportation of immigrants suspected of terrorism.

What long-term response to the USA Patriot Act is comparable to government actions in other historical contexts?

The passage of the National Security Act in 1947.

What caused the spike in US troop deployments in Iraq?

Desire for regime change in Iraq due to supposed support for terrorist organizations.

What did the sharp decrease in US troop numbers after 2011 likely reflect?

A shift in public opinion and political pressure to end military involvement.

What broader trend in US foreign policy is illustrated by the pattern of troop deployment in Iraq?

An initial commitment to interventionism followed by war-weariness and disengagement.

What was the general public perception of George W. Bush’s foreign policies later?

Efforts to protect national security were controversial.

What was a major consequence of US involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan during Bush’s presidency?

A rise in anti-American sentiment in parts of the Middle East.

What did the Bush Doctrine emphasize?

Supporting unilateral, preemptive strikes to eliminate perceived threats.

What development reflected growing opposition to the Iraq War on the home front?

The rise of anti-war protests and declining public trust in government.

What constitutional principle was central to the Supreme Court’s decision in Bush v. Gore?

Equal protection under the law.

What challenge did the controversy surrounding the 2000 presidential election highlight?

The potential for judicial intervention in electoral disputes.

What was represented by Bush’s handling of the economy during the Great Recession?

Bush believed the economy would correct itself without government intervention.

What event caused the trend during the Great Recession?

The collapse of the housing market due to widespread risky mortgage lending practices.

What historical period experienced consumer behavior akin to the lead-up to the Great Recession?

The 1920s, with installment buying and easy credit fueling a consumer boom.

Which economic policy approach is similar to proposed government action in the 2008 Great Recession?

Keynesian interventionism.

What immediate concern did the government address by purchasing illiquid assets during the Great Recession?

A freeze in credit and lending across the financial system.

What long-term effect followed the federal response during the Great Recession?

Increased federal regulation of the financial industry.

What was the cause of the spike in the unemployment rate between 2008 and 2009?

A decline in consumer and business credit availability.

How did the Great Recession's peak unemployment compare to the Great Depression?

Labor markets were far less severely affected during the Great Recession.

What long-term consequence of the recession’s labor-market collapse is often pointed out by historians?

The emergence of a 'jobless recovery,' where growth returns but unemployment remains elevated.

What major cause of the Great Recession began during Bush’s presidency?

A collapse of the housing market and risky lending practices.

What government program was signed in response to the financial crisis to stabilize banks?

Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (TARP).

What was a criticism of the federal response to the Great Recession under Bush?

Bailouts prioritized large financial institutions over average citizens.

How did the Treasury Department’s authority under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act help during the Great Recession?

It gave the Treasury power to purchase toxic financial assets to stabilize the banking system.

Who primarily managed the federal response to the financial crises?

Henry Paulson.

What broader impact resulted from the Bush Administration’s response to the Great Recession?

It weakened federal regulatory power over financial institutions.

What major theme did Obama emphasize in his victory speech?

The unity and inclusiveness of the American democratic process.

What group did Obama praise for their contributions in the election?

Voters of all backgrounds who participated in the election.

What message did the American people send to the world according to Obama?

That the United States remains a unified and hopeful nation.

What message did President Obama emphasize about America's identity?

America's strength comes from shared sacrifice and perseverance.

According to Obama, who is primarily responsible for America's past progress?

Risk takers and workers who labored for a better future.

Which core value is NOT directly reinforced in Obama's speech?

Military dominance in foreign policy.

Why was the Constitution considered 'unfinished' according to Obama?

Because it allowed slavery to continue and delayed the resolution.

What does Obama argue about the nature of the Constitution?

It was meant to evolve and improve over time.

What summarizes the tone of Obama's reflection on the founding of the US Constitution?

Hopeful acknowledgement of progress and unfinished work.

What was the constitutional argument against the ACA individual mandate?

It expanded the commerce clause beyond its intended scope.

How did Obama’s handling of the auto industry reflect a shift in US economic policy?

He supported targeted government intervention and bailouts.

What did Obama’s 2008 election lead to in the short term?

The revitalization of conservative populism through the Tea Party.

What key contrast defines Obama's foreign policy approach compared to Bush?

Renewed focus on multilateral cooperation and diplomacy.

What was a major criticism of Obama-era surveillance policies?

They expanded government monitoring of civilians without sufficient oversight.

Why was Obama's presidency described as post-racial?

His election symbolized racial progress, but systemic issues remained unresolved.

What context best fits Biden's inauguration speech?

The COVID-19 pandemic.

What event reflects Biden's message about hope and urgency during his presidency?

The increase in federal spending on creating a vaccine.

What recent event does Biden reference regarding political extremism?

The January 6th riots.

What events caused the decrease in immigration under Trump’s policies?

Trump’s emphasis on maintaining national security along the borders.

What is consistent with Trump’s immigration policies?

Mass deportations.

What measure was NOT taken by Trump to enforce stricter immigration laws?

All of the Above.

The ideas in Trump's inauguration speech represent a continuation of which belief?

Isolationism.

What foreign political belief does Trump's policy represent?

America First.

What best represents Trump's policies reflecting his inauguration ideas?

Leaving international alliances like NAFTA and the Paris Climate Accords.

What was the reason for Trump's second impeachment?

Instigating the January 6th riots.

What impact did the tariffs during Trump’s term have?

It led to an increase in prices of imported goods.

What happened during President Trump’s first term?

Reversal of many of Obama’s executive orders.

How did Biden’s approach to COVID-19 differ from Trump’s?

Biden capitalized on the need to contain the virus and created a vaccine.

What was the America First Policy?

A doctrine that prioritizes American interests and domestic policy over global affairs.

What promise did Trump NOT make in his 2nd term?

Banning TikTok.