Industrial Rev, Westward expansion, & Reform

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States had a God given destiny to expand west from the atlantic ocean to the pacific ocean.

Oregon Trail

a 2,000 mile long trail which stretched from places such as Independence, Missouri, west into Oregon Territory.

Mormon Trail

In 1847, about 1,600 Mormons followed part of the Oregon Trail to Utah to escape religious persecution in the east. They built a settlement by the Great Salt Lake.

Santa Fe Trail

an important trail west that led from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico.

13 Original Colonies

From: Declaration of Independents

Result: U.S was born

Treaty of Paris

From: Got at the end of the American Revolution

Result: U.S owns all the land till the Mississippi River

Louisiana Purchase

From: Treaty with France, for $15mil, Explored by Lewis & Clark

Result: Doubled the size of “America”

Florida

From: Adam-Onis Treaty, Got from Spain, for $5mil

Result: Completed the Eastern boundary, had conflicts with natives

British Cession

From: Treaty which established the boundary between U.S & Canada.

Result: completed the north boundary of the US

Texas

From: James Polk got from Mexico, was once a Independent Rep

Result: Started dispute with Mexico-leads to Mexican-american war

Oregon

From: Border dispute with Britain

Result: Immigrants move East, adds to Pacific Coast

Mexican Cession

From: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Bought from Mexico

Result: U.S gains california, gold was discovered in California

Gadsden Purchase

From: Mexico, for $10mil

Result: Railroad Route(Chinese built), settles U.S and Mexico Boundary

Cause of US-Mexican War

Dispute over TExas border U.S claimed boundary was Rio Grande River & Mexico claimed the Nueces River.

Effect of US-Mexican War

After war U.S gained the Mexican Cession in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo for $15million (That land also includes California).

What treaty ended the US-Mexican War?

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Discovery of gold in California

Lead to large shifts in the population

Fertile land on the Great Plains

Attracted settlers

Abolition

movement to end slavery

Fredrick Douglas

Former slave, published Northstar

William Lloyd Garrison

He wrote the liberator, and published a famous anti-slavery newspaper

Harriet Tubman

Helped free many slaves, underground railroad

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Sojourner Truth

Famous speech “Ain’t I a Women?”, most known for womens right

Education

Importance: Compulsory (require) attendance

Key people: Horace Mann

Temperance

Importance: movement to stop alcohol

Key People: Women in general

Women’s Rights

Importance: Suffrage (Couldn’t vote)

Key People: **Sojourner Truth**- famous quote “Ain’t I a woman?”

**Elizabeth Cady Stanton**- Seneca Fall Convention

**Susan B Anthony**- worked for suffrage rights but __was not__ at the first women’s rights Convention in Seneca Falls.

Prison/Mentally ill

Importance: Improved conditions

Key People: Dorthea Dix

Labor

Importance: Safer working conditions-like- shorter hours, better wages, and end child labor

Key People: Workers

Social Reform

an organized attempt to improve what is unjust or imperfect in society

Suffrage

Could not vote

Care of the disabled

Importance: Better conditions for mental hospitals

Key People: Dorothea Dix

Great Awakening

Protestant religious revival during early 19th century in U.S. spread religion through emotional preachings and sparked many reform movements.

What religious group started every Reform movement?

Quakers- Christian group which was among the first abolitionists in U.S and very active in other reform movements.

Hudson River School

Importance: A group of artists who painted in Hudson River Valley in NY. Created between 1825-1875 ish

Key People: A group of painters that painted landscapes

Transcendentalism

Importance: Show self-reliance, nature, questioning of government, and that people can do good things

Key People: Ralph Waldo Emerson

Audubon Society

Importance: Dedicated to conservation of birds and their habitats

Key People: John James Audubon

Literature

Importance: Wrote many things in the 1800s and helped create American culture

Key People: Hawthorne, Poe, Walt Whitman

Steamboat

Importance: Faster, easier, & cheaper to ship goods in rivers

Key People: Robert Fulton

Cotton Gin

Importance: Separating seeds from cotton became easier

Key People: Eli Whitney

Telegraph

Importance: Morse code made telegraph faster from town to town

Key People: Samuel Morse

Interchangeable Parts

Importance: Identical parts made manufacturing goods more efficient

Key People: Eli Whitney

Transcontinental Railroad

Importance: Connected east and west regions of U.S by rail for the first time. Made traveling to newly obtained California easier & helped America economy.

Key People: Various Railroad Companies

Textile

Fabric