Protein Synthesis and Translation
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These flashcards cover key concepts related to protein synthesis and the translation process, including vocabulary and specific details regarding mRNA, amino acids, and the ribosome's role.
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12 Terms
What does the genetic code refer to in protein synthesis?
It is the code of instructions for how to make proteins.
What is a codon?
A set of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA.
What is the function of amino acids in protein synthesis?
They serve as the monomers (building blocks) for making proteins, held together by peptide bonds.
What is an anticodon?
It is the complementary 3 nucleotides on tRNA.
Where does translation occur?
Translation occurs at the ribosomes.
What is the starting point of the translation process?
The translation process starts with mRNA.
What does the translation process end with?
It ends with the formation of a polypeptide.
Describe the direction in which the ribosome reads mRNA codons during translation.
The ribosome reads the mRNA codons from the 5' to 3' direction.
What role do tRNAs play in the translation process?
tRNAs act like taxis to pick up and drop off the amino acids that match with each codon.
What happens when a stop codon is reached during translation?
The ribosome releases the completed polypeptide chain.
Translate this DNA sequence into its mRNA sequence: 3'TAC6CTA6TACGATT 5.
The mRNA sequence is 5' AU606AUCAU6CUAA 3.
List the amino acids corresponding to the codons AU6, C6A, UCA, U6C, and UAA.
The amino acids are Methionine (Met), Arginine (Arg), Serine (Ser), Cysteine (Cys), and Stop.
