Animal Cells

Mitochondrion

• a rod shaped / spherical

• have two layers, a smooth outer membrane

• a folded inner membrane

Mitochondrion Function

• generates energy through the glucose oxidation process during cellular respiration

• release energy in a form of ATP to be used by the cells

centriole

• small cylindrical components exists in pairs

• complex arrangement of microtubules

• does not exist in plant cells

centriole function

forms spindle fibre during cell division

Golgi apparatus

• stacks of parallel sacs

• new membrane is added at one end of the Golgi apparatus and vesicles bud off from the end

function of gologi apparatus

• process

• modifies

• packs

• transports chemicals (protein, carbohydrates and glycoprotein)

lysosome

• small spherical sac enclosed in a single membrane

• contains hydrolytic enzymes

function of lysosome

• hydrolyses complex organic molecules (protein, nucleic, acid & lipid)

• breaks down bacteria and components of damaged cells

nucleus

• largest component in the cell

• spherical, compressed and enclosed in a nuclear membrane with many pores

• contains; chromosomes, nucleolus & nucleoplasm

function of nucleus

• controls all cell activities

• has chromosomes that contains DNA

DNA

DNA determines the cell characteristics and metabolic function

ribosome

• small, compact and spherical granules

• consists of proteins & RNA

• present on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum or exists freely in the cytoplasm

function of ribosomes

site for protein synthesis

types of endoplasmic reticulum & what it is attached to

• smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• rough endoplasmic reticulum

• attached to nuclear membrane

endoplasmic reticulum function

• transport system within the cell

• provides a wife surface surface for enzyme attachment & biochemical reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum function

• rough endoplasmic reticulum transports proteins synthesised by ribosomes

smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

• smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesises & transports glycerol and lipids, and carries out he detoxification of drugs and metabolic by-products